Tools Menu: Edit Process Raw File

11.11  Carlson Raw Editor
 

FUNCTION:  The Carlson Raw Editor routine is used to edit and re-run traverse courses, compute closures, and do traverse adjustments.  The Carlson Raw Editor option uses the raw editor common to other Carlson Software products. 

 

Activate the Carlson Raw Editor by picking from the Tools menu; by pressing [Alt][T], [E], [A]; or by typing the two-letter command ER at any data entry prompt.

 

NOTE:  By default, "Sight" Survey uses the Carlson Raw Editor and .RW5 files for Traverse Closure, Deed Check, and adjustments (including adjustments other than Network Least Squares).  The C&G Raw Editor is available for data transfer and Network Least Squares.  If you want to transfer a C&G raw file (.CGR) from your collector and then run a Compass, Crandall, Transit, or No Adjust, you need to download the .CGR file, then open the Carlson Raw Editor and import the C&G file (using Tools > Import Raw Data > C and G).

 

HINT:  When called from "Sight" Survey, the Raw Editor window is a Primary Focus window.  You cannot access other "Sight" Survey windows or routines while the Raw Editor is active.

 

In this section we cover:

Record Types and Editing Records

The Carlson Raw Editor routine reads or creates a raw data (.RW5) file that contains various lines of data (records) that could be likened to a surveyor's field book.  You can specify point coordinates, job information, notes, and the angles and distances that make up traverse or sideshots records.  Once the raw data is created or read it can be processed/reduced to coordinates that are stored in the current coordinate (.crd; .cgc; .mdb; .zak) file.

 

The raw file can also be created or appended using the Enter & Assign (EA - Section 6.01), Traverse (TR - Section 7.09), Sideshot (SS - Section 7.07), and Inverse  (IN - Section 7.01) commands.  To store the data inputs from these commands into a raw file, first toggle on the Raw File Recorder ON/OFF command (RR - Section 3.14) on the File menu. 

 

It's also possible to enable the raw file storage automatically when you open a new job by checking the Enable Raw Storage option in the lower left corner of the New "Sight" Survey Job dialog.

 

The raw files created by TDS data collector programs are also compatible without conversion.  Use the C&G Data Transfer program (see Section 11.08) to download the file.  Within the Carlson raw data editor, use Tools > Import Raw Data for converting raw data from other formats.  Available import formats include:

When you select the Carlson Raw Editor command you will also to specify the name of the raw data (.RW5) file.  The current coordinate file is automatically used.  To change the current coordinate file, use the Project File Manager command (FM - see Section 3.13) under the File menu before starting this command.  If no coordinate file is current, the program will prompt you to set the current coordinate (.CRD) file.

 

Edit-Process Raw > Carlson Raw Editor uses a spreadsheet for editing the raw data as shown.  Each row of the spreadsheet is represented by a number located at the far left side of the editor.  Various messages and reports often reference possible problems with the data by this row number.  Each row of the spreadsheet represents one record of data.  There are 14 types of data records.  The type of data record is shown in the first column.  Different record types use different numbers of columns.  Whenever the data record type changes between rows, a record header is added to the spreadsheet that describes each column of data in the following row.  To edit the raw data, simply highlight the cell and type in the new value.  To change the type of record, pick on the down arrow in the first column and choose a new data type from the list.  To delete a row, highlight any cell in the row and hit the [Delete] key or choose Edit > Delete Row. Records can be added pressing the [Insert] key, pressing the down arrow key from the last line in the spreadsheet, or by choosing one of the record types from the Add menu.
 


 

The different record types are described below.

 

Code

Record Type

TR

Traverse:  The traverse record contains the occupied point number, foresight point number, angle mode, horizontal angle, distance, vertical angle and description.  When processed, this record will calculate and store the coordinates for the foresight point.  Traversing also moves the setup by making the traverse foresight point the next occupied point and the traverse occupied point becomes the next backsight point.  The different angle codes are NE for northeast bearing, SE for southeast, SW for southwest, NW for northwest, AZ for azimuth, AL for angle left, AR for angle right, DL for deflection angle left and DR for deflection angle right.  To set the angle code, pick on the Code down arrow (q) and choose from the list.  The horizontal and vertical angles should be entered as dd.mmss.  For example, 45.2305 is 45 degrees, 23 minutes and 5 seconds.  The vertical angle can be shown as vertical angle (0 degrees level), zenith angle (90 degrees level) or elevation difference.  The vertical angle mode is set in the Display menu.  The distance mode is also set in the Display menu as either slope or horizontal distance.  The description field is used as the foresight point description.

 

SS

SideShot:  The sideshot record is the same as the traverse record except that sideshot does not move the setup.

 

BK

BackSight:  The backsight record contains the occupied point number, backsight point number, backsight azimuth and the set azimuth.  This record should precede any traverse and sideshot records that use this setup.  If no backsight point is entered, the program uses the backsight azimuth to turn angles from.  The Set Azimuth is the circle reading of the instrument when sighting the backsight.  A Set Azimuth of zero is the default.

 

HI

Instrument and Rod Height:  This record sets the instrument and rod heights used in elevation calculations.  This record should precede any traverse and sideshot records that you want the heights applied to.

 

PT

Point (or Store Point):  The store point record consists of a point number, northing, easting, elevation and description.  When processing, this data will be stored as a point in the coordinate file.  If the first Occupied point and/or the initial Backsight point are not defined in the coordinate file set for processing to, both points will need to be added to the RW5 file as PT (Store Point) records.

 

EL

Elevation Only:  This record sets the elevation in the CRD file for the specified point number.  Often used when an existing point with good vertical control is being traversed through.  Using this record type for the point would keep the elevation from changing on the existing point regardless of the measurement data.  NOTE:  This command is not on the Type pull down but may be manually entered into the Type field on a blank record.  If entered manually you must type the command in upper case letters.

 

GPS

GPS:  This record contains the Latitude and Longitude of a point as measured by GPS surveying equipment using Carlson SurvCE data collection software.  This record has additional information tied to it such as localization files, geoid files, coordinate projection systems etc.  This record has its own processing routine in the Process pull down within the editor.  Processing procedures are discussed in the Process (Compute Pts) pull down documentation.

 

NAME

Traverse Name:  This record acts as an identifier for the group of records that make up a traverse.  All the records after the NAME record belong to that traverse up to the next NAME record or the end of the file.  This record allows you to have multiple traverses in one raw file.  When running one of the Process commands, the program will bring up a list of all the traverse names.  Simply choose which traverse to process.  If you have only one traverse in the raw file, then you don't need the NAME record.

 

DS

Description:  The description record is an additional note that appears in the spreadsheet editor and printouts.  This record can contain various information that is recorded in data collectors during field operations.  This data can vary from user, temperature and general data to each line of data associated with Set Collection.  When "Sets" of data collected using various brands of data collection software is converted/imported into the raw editor, the actual measurements made during the spinning of the angles and distances are recorded as DS records and the mean value of the angle and distance is recorded as a SS record.  DS records are not used in processing.

 

AZ

Azimuth Only:  Applies to SurvNET, the Network Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.  NOTE:  This command is not on the Type pull down but may be manually entered into the Type field on a blank record.  If entered manually you must type the command in upper case letters.

 

CSE

Control Standard Error:  Applies to SurvNET, the Network Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.

 

SSE

Set-up Standard Error:  Applies to SurvNET, the Network Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.

 

MSE

MSE (Measurement Standard Error:  Applies to SurvNET, the Network Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.

 

CL

Closing Shot:  The closing shot record is the traverse record where the foresight point is the closing point for the traverse.  This record is used by the adjustment commands in the Process menu.  There should be only one CL record in each Traverse loop (Name Record) in the raw file.  If there is no CL record, the process adjustment routines will prompt for which shot is the closing shot.  The closing shot can also be define in the field by using special codes defined in the Open Settings found under the File pull down within the editor. Please refer to the Open Settings documentation for more information on these codes.
 

AB

Angle Balance:  The angle balance record is the measurement data observed that closes the angles of the traverse.  Typically this record is the measurement data recorded from the closing shot to the initial backsight point.  The backsight could be either external or internal to the traverse.  The Angle Balance routine in the Process menu uses this record and compares the angle between the occupied point and foresight point of this record with a user-specified reference angle.  There should be only one AB record in the raw file.  If there is no AB record, then the Angle Balance routine will prompt for which shot to use as the angle balance.

 

CL+AB

Closing Shot and Angle Balance:  This record is used as both the closing shot and angle balance records.

 

FD

Foresight Direct:  The foresight direct is a traverse record used in a direct and reverse set.  When the program finds one the of direct-reverse measurement records, it will look for the other three records to complete the set.

 

FR

Foresight Reverse:  The foresight reverse is a traverse record used in a direct and reverse set.

 

BD

Backsight Direct:  The backsight direct is a traverse record used in a direct and reverse set.

 

BR

Backsight Reverse:  The backsight reverse is a traverse record used in a direct and reverse set.

 

 


 

Raw Data Editor Menus

View the File menu View the Edit menu View the Display menu View the Add menu View the Process menu View the Tools menu

 

 

File Menu

Open RW5 File New RW5 File Save RW5 File Save RW5 As Print Options Exit the Raw Editor

 

 

Open RW5 File

This command prompts for a RW5 file to load into the editor.
 

 

New RW5 File

This command clears the editor spreadsheet.
 

 

Save RW5 File

This saves the RW5 file.  If the file hasn't been named you will be prompted for the file name and the location to save the file.  After you perform the first save, this command acts as a quick save and saves the file to the name and location specified during the initial saving of the file.

 

 

Save RW5 As

This command saves the raw editor data in the spreadsheet to a RW5 file and always prompts for file name and location to save.

 

 

Print > Raw Data

A sample of the raw data report is shown below.  This report shows the data from the raw editor spreadsheet.
 

 
Raw File> c:\data\survey.RW5
CRD File> c:\data\survey.crd
   Note
   Survey Example
   PntNo   Northing Easting   Elevation Desc
   1       5000     5000    100       START
   OcPt    BsPt     SetAzi
   1
   InstHgt RodHgt
   5.32    6.0
   OcPt    FsPt     HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
TR 1       2     AR 268.5330  711.420   89.4050   P2
   InstHgt RodHgt
   5.43    6.0
   OcPt    FsPt     HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
TR 2       3     AR 262.5448  457.760   89.3236   P3
   InstHgt RodHgt
   5.4     6.0
   OcPt    FsPt     HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
TR 3       4     AR 208.5710  201.310   89.1803   P4
TR 4       5     AR 247.1657  497.120   88.5235   P5
TR 5       6     AR 277.4835  223.980   90.2926   P6
TR 6       7     AR  92.4113  233.880   90.2746   P7
   InstHgt RodHgt
   5.42    6.0
   OcPt    FsPt     HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
TR 7       8     AR 261.2756  387.250   91.4405   CLOSE
SS 7       19    AR 289.3456  112.450   91.3423   SS1
 









Print > Print Settings


This dialog has settings for the report functions. 
Left Margin settings are in characters.  Top Margin and 
Bottom Margin settings are in lines.  At standard line spacing with a
Text Size of 12, there are 66 Lines/Page.








 



 



Exit



Exits the raw file editor.





 



 



Edit Menu



Edit Find
Edit Replace
Edit Cut
Edit Copy
Edit Paste
Delete Row
Modify Measurements




 


 




Find


This 
command allows you to 
search and find a particular word, letter, numeric value or a combination of 
all.  Letter case does not matter.


 






 



 




Replace



This command allows you 
to search and replace a particular word, letter, numeric value, of a combination 
of all.  Letter case does not matter.  It also provides further options to 
Replace individual items one at a time or 
to Replace All.

 






 


 



Cut


This is 
a standard windows cut command. It removes data from editor and places it 
in the windows clipboard.

 


 



Copy


This is 
a standard windows copy command. It copies selected data to windows 
clipboard.


 


 



Paste


This is 
a standard windows copy command. It inserts cut or copied data from the windows 
clipboard.


 



 



Delete Row



This command deletes the row containing the active cursor or cell.  You can 
delete a row by placing the cursor in any of the cells in the row that you wish 
to delete, or by picking on the row number at the far left of the editor.



 





	

		
		
		
		

		WARNING!  You may also delete a row by 
		placing the cursor in the row and pressing [Delete]. 
		Use caution!   There is no Undo command.  
		To delete the contents of a single cell, select the contents before 
		pressing [Delete].

	








 



Modify Measurements



This option allows for a change in distance, horizontal angle or vertical 
angle by a specified amount for the entire file or for a specified point number 
or line number range.  To modify a measurement, choose which field to modify 
and 
enter the change in either distance or angle in dd.mmss format.  Next choose how 
to apply the modification.  If All is selected, the change will be applied to all 
records in the specified field.  If By Point Number is chosen, enter the point 
number or range of numbers in the Range of Points field.  If By Line Number is 
chosen, then define the area for the change by specifying the Start and 
End line.

 





 




 
 




Display Menu



Display Angles
Display Vertical
Display Distance



 


 



Angles


This option chooses the angle format between 
Degrees/Minutes/Seconds 
(ddd.mmss) and Gons-400 Circle (ddd.dddd).  This setting applies to 
the angles in the spreadsheet editor as well as the angle format for reports.


 






 


 



Vertical


The options contained in this menu allow for specifying the type of 
vertical measurement information you will input or is contained in the RW5 file.  
The Vertical Angle selection assumes the barrel or scope of the instrument is 
level when reading  0 (zero).  With this setting, the vertical component of a 
measurement record will have a header of VertAng.  The Zenith Angle selection, 
most commonly used, assumes the barrel/scope to be level when reading 90.  Using 
this setting results in a header of ZenithAng.  Elevation difference displays the 
elevation difference between the occupied and foresight points.  If the Distance 
option is specified as Slope, this elevation difference will be used to 
calculate the horizontal distance of the measurement.  The header for this record 
is ElevDiff.  The None selection assumes all distances are horizontal distances 
and removes the vertical component for a measurement from the editor.  Switching 
modes can be performed at any time.


 






 



 



Distance



This 
option controls the display of either Slope or Horizontal Distances.  Changing 
the display results in the distance data adjusting to reflect the correct value 
for the selection made.  The vertical data: VertAng; ZenithAng;
or VertDiff is 
used to convert the distance value when changing this display option.

 





 
 


 


 Add Menu



Add Traverse Record
Add Sideshot Record
Add BackSight Record
Add Instrument Height Record
Add Point Record
Add Elevation Record
Add GPS Record
Add Traverse Name
Add Note Record
Add Reference Azimuth
Add Control Standard Error
Add Setup Standard Error
Add Measurement Standard Error




 



 




Traverse



Adds 
a traverse record (TR) to the spreadsheet editor.  The new record will be insert 
above the row that contains the active cell unless this row is the last row in 
the file.  If so, you will be prompted to insert above or below the current row.

 



 




SideShot



Adds a sideshot record (SS) to the spreadsheet editor.  The new 
record will be inserted above the row that contains the active cell unless this 
row is the last row in the file.  If so, you will be prompted to insert above or 
below the current row.

 



 




Backsight



Adds a backsight (BK) to the spreadsheet editor.  The new 
record will be inserted above the row that contains the active cell unless this 
row is the last row in the file.  If so, you will be prompted to insert above or 
below the current row.

 



 




Instrument Height



Adds an instrument height (HI) record to the editor.  This record contains both the instrument and rod height setting.  The new 
record will be inserted above the row that contains the active cell unless this 
row is the last row in the file.  If so, you will be prompted to insert above or 
below the current row.



 




Point



Adds a point (PT) record to the editor.  
Inserting a blank record allows for manual input to define the coordinates for 
the point. The new 
record will be inserted above the row that contains the active cell unless this 
row is the last row in the file.  If so, you will be prompted to insert above or 
below the current row.

 



 




Elevation



Adds an elevation (EL) record to the editor. The new record 
will be insert above the row that contains the active cell unless this row is 
the last row in the file.  If so, you will be prompted to insert above or below 
the current row.



 



 




GPS



Adds a GPS record to the editor.  The new record will be insert above 
the row that contains the active cell unless this row is the last row in the 
file.  If so, you will be prompted to insert above or below the current row.

 



 




Traverse Name



Adds a traverse name (Name) to the editor.  The new record 
will be insert above the row that contains the active cell unless this row is 
the last row in the file.  If so, you will be prompted to insert above or below 
the current row.



 



 



Note



Adds a note (DS) record to the editor.  Note records are for 
information display and do not effect processing except for two special notes 
which are:





Elevation: 2D

Elevation: 3D





These special notes set the elevation mode for processing for the records that 
follow the note.  The raw editor starts in 3D mode.  The Elevation: 2D note will 
switch processing to 2D mode and the Elevation: 3D note will switch the mode 
back to 3D.  In 2D mode, the processing will not set the elevations in the 
coordinate file.

 



 



Reference Azimuth



This record applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least Squares 
analysis and adjustment routine.

 



 




Control Standard Error



This record applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least 
Squares analysis and adjustment routine.



 



 




Setup Standard Error



This record applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least 
Squares analysis and adjustment routine.



 



 




Measurement Standard Error



This record applies to SurvNET, the optional Network 
Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.


 


 


 



Process (Compute Pts) Menu

This menu contains tools to process raw data by various methods.  The calculated 
coordinates are stored to the active specified 
coordinate file.  The 
options for processing are specified within either the Process Options dialog 
box or the Closure Options dialog box.  This dialog box is 
displayed before processing data, using any of the available methods, with the 
exception being the Least Squares method. 


 



No Adjust
Angle Balance
Compass Rule Adjust
Crandall Rule Adjust
Transit Rule Adjust
Least Squares Adjust
Process GPS
Process Settings





 


 



No Adjust


No Adjust means 
that no angle balance or traverse adjustment will be applied.  Options are 
specified in the Process Options dialog. 


 






 


After picking 
[OK] on the process 
options dialog, a Traverse Points dialog appears for entering the starting and 
ending point numbers. 



 





 


The program reads the raw file to set the defaults for these point numbers 
which are used to calculate the closure.  The difference between the ending point 
and the reference closing point is the closure error and the sum of the traverse 
distances from the starting to the ending point is used as the total distance 
traversed.  After picking [OK] for the second dialog, the program starts processing 
the raw file from the top record down.  The result is displayed in the Standard 
Report Viewer which can save, print or draw the report.  


 


 



Angle Balance


This process method applies 
an angle balance to the traverse lines when calculating the coordinates.  Options are 
specified in the Process Options dialog.  


 






 


The 
angle balance takes the angular error divided by the number of traverse lines 
and adjusts the angle of each traverse line by this amount.  The angular error is 
the difference between the angle balance shot and a reference angle.  The angle 
balance shot is specified as a type AB or CL+AB record in the raw file.  If no 
AB 
record is found in the raw file, then the program will prompt for which traverse 
shot to use as the angle balance shot.  The angle from the angle balance shot is 
calculated as the angle from the occupied point to the foresight point.  The 
reference angle can be specified as a bearing, azimuth or by two point numbers 
in the dialog shown.  





 


 


The angle balance report shows the unadjusted points, the unadjusted closure, 
the angular error, the adjusted points and then the adjusted closure. Typically 
but not always, applying the angle balance correction will improve the traverse 
closure.  


 


 



Compass, Crandall, 
Transit


These process methods apply the selected rule to the traverse 
lines when calculating the coordinates.  After adjusting the traverse, the 
sideshots are also recalculated.  The closure error is calculated as the 
difference between the closing shot and a reference point.  The closing shot is 
specified as a type CL or CL+AB record in the raw file.  If no 
CL record is found 
in the raw file, then the program will prompt for which traverse shot to use as 
the closing shot.  The foresight point is used as the closing coordinate.  The 
reference point can be specified by point number or by entering the northing, 
easting and elevation.  The process results report shows the unadjusted points, 
closure error, adjustments to each traverse point and adjusted point. 
 







Options are 
specified in the Closure Options dialog. 



 







 


Specify 
the closing Point # or enter North, East, and (optional) 
Elevation coordinates.  After picking [OK] 
on the process 
options dialog, a Traverse Points dialog appears for entering the starting and 
ending point numbers. 



 








 



The program reads the raw file to set the defaults for these point numbers 
which are used to calculate the closure.  The difference between the ending point 
and the reference closing point is the closure error and the sum of the traverse 
distances from the starting to the ending point is used as the total distance 
traversed.  After picking [OK] for the second dialog, the program starts processing 
the raw file from the top record down.  The result is displayed in the Standard 
Report Viewer which can save, print or draw the report. 



 



 



Least Squares


This 
Least Squares routine is simpler least squares adjustment, not SurvNET 
which is a robust network least squares adjustment routine.  If you want to 
use the features from SurvNET, close the editor and select Tools > Network 
Least Squares from the "Sight" Survey menus, then load your RW5 file into 
SurvNET.  See 
Section 11.12 for SurvNET instructions.


 


From the raw file data, this routine makes initial calculations for 
the coordinate points in the traverse.  The constraints of the routine are:
all angle readings must be in angle right mode; and the coordinates of the starting and the ending points must be known.



 


The routine begins with a dialog for specifying the reference closing 
coordinates and any scale factors to apply to the distance measurements.  The
Reference Closing Point is the last point in the traverse, whose coordinates 
must be known.   


 






 


Specify 
the closing Point # or enter North, East, and (optional) 
Elevation coordinates.  After picking [OK] 
on the process 
options dialog, a Traverse Points dialog appears for entering the starting and 
ending point numbers. 



 








 


This routine applies a least-squares adjustment to the data stored in the .RW5 file.  The closing errors are 
distributed among the other points, using the "Method of Least Squares" (Ref : 
Wolf, P.R. and Ghilani, C.D., 1996, "Adjustment Computations", John Wiley and 
Sons, NY,Third Edition).  After the adjustment, the rest of the raw file is 
processed to recalculate the sideshots. 

 


The least squares process report shows the input data and the results.  For 
each point, the amount adjusted and the standard error in X and Y are reported.  The 
Reference Standard Deviation is based on the sum of the residuals and the 
initial estimated standard errors.  The Chi-Squares test is a goodness-of-fit 
test that checks the reference standard deviation with the least-squares model.  If this test fails, there may be a blunder in the measurement data or the 
initial estimated standard errors were too low or too high.


 


 



GPS


The 
process GPS routine allows 
for reduction of GPS records that reside in a raw (*.RW5) file from latitude, 
longitude and WGS84 Ellipsoid Height to State Plane or local coordinates.  When 
selected, the GPS Settings dialog will appear as shown below.  

 








Projection Type

This setting defines the datum coordinate system to be used for converting the Latitude, 
Longitude and WGS84 Ellipsoid height collected from the GPS receiver into 
Cartesian coordinates.  The supported projection types are:  State Plane 83;
State 
Plane 27; and UTM.


 



Zone


For State Plane projections, 
you must select the correct state zone that you are working in.  For UTM, the 
Automatic Zone option will have the program automatically user the program 
automatically use the correct UTM zone for your location.  Otherwise for UTM, you 
can manually set a specific UTM zone.  This manual option applies to working on 
the border between zones and you want to force the program to always use one of 
those zones.

 



Transformation


The 
transformation in SurvCE's Align Local Coordinates command can either be by plane similarity or 
rigid body methods.  The difference is that the rigid body method does a 
transformation with a translation and rotation and without a scale.  The plane 
similarity does a rotation, translation and scale. This option only applies when 
two or more points are used in Align Local Coordinates or the Localization 
routine in SurvCE.

 



One Point Alignment Azimuth


This 
option applies to the rotation when using one point in Align Local Coordinates 
or the Localization routine in SurvCE.  For this alignment method, the state 
plane coordinate is translated to the local coordinate.  Then the rotation can 
use either the state plane grid or the geodetic as North.  No scale is applied in 
this transformation.  The state plane and geodetic true north diverge slightly in 
the east and west edges of the state plane zone.  This option allows you to 
choose which north to use: Geodetic; or State Plane Grid.

 



Geoid to Apply


The supported geoids include: 




This option will account for the geoid undulation in determining the 
orthometric elevation of the measurement.  The definition of the geoid model as 
currently adopted by the national Geodetic survey is the equipotential surface 
of the Earth's gravity field which best fits, in a least squares sense, global 
mean sea level.  Orthometric elevation measurements are used in survey 
calculations.  In order to convert ellipsoid heights (He) as measured by GPS into 
orthometric elevations (E0), you must provide for a correction between the 
GPS-measured ellipsoid (reference ellipsoid) and a constant level gravitational 
surface, the geoid.  This corrections is the geoid undulation (Ug).  The formula 
is He=Eo + Ug.

 


Carlson applies the Geoid model by subtracting the Geoid undulation from the 
GPS elevation.  The resulting elevation is then used and displayed.  In practice, 
the Geoid model is most applicable to two types of alignment scenarios.  One of 
these types is when setting up the base over a know point and having no 
alignment control points.  The other is when there is one alignment control 
point.  When using multiple alignment control points, the Geoid model is not as 
important because Carlson can model the elevation difference which can generally 
pick up the local Geoid undulation.

 



Units


Coordinates can be reduced 
into one of three available units: Metric; US Feet; or International Feet.





Scale Factor



For most 
applications, the Scale Factor should be set to 1.0.  The scale factor represents 
the “combined” grid/elevation factor that reduces ground distances to grid.  After converting the LAT/LONG from the GPS records to state plane coordinates 
and applying the coordinate alignment (Localization) file, the Scale 
Factor is applied as the final adjustment to the coordinates.  This adjustment is 
used on the X, Y, and not the Z.  The Scale Factor is applied by dividing 
the distance between the coordinate and a base point by the Scale 
Factor.  The coordinate is then set by starting from the base point and moving in 
the direction to the coordinate for the adjusted distance.  The base point is the 
first point in the alignment (Localization) file.  If there are no points 
specified in the alignment file, then 0,0 is used as the base point.  If using an 
alignment file (Localization File) this value will be automatically calculated 
and displayed.  Manual entry of a scale factor is also permitted. 



Use Alignment File For Localization


After 
selecting [OK] 
in the Process Options dialog, the
Alignment File dialog is displayed.


 






 


This file is typically created by SurvCE (Carlson's Data 
Collection System) using the Localization routine or by Carlson Field Using the 
Align to Local Coordinates routine. This file (*.DAT) contains the parameters to 
transform the derived State Plane coordinates to the defined local coordinates.  
If you select [Yes] you will be asked to 
select the alignment file using a standard Windows file selection dialog.


 


At the 
end of the process, the coordinates will be written to the current coordinate file and a report will be presented in the Carlson editor for 
saving or printing purposes.





 



Process Settings


This option 
allows for the setting of user preferences and tolerances to be used during 
processing and generation of reports. 

 





 


Direct-Reverse Vertical Angles


This option determines how to handle direct-reverse vertical angle 
measurements when processing.
 Balance Direct-Reverse 
will take the mean of the direct-reverse measurements and use this value when 
processing the file.  Direct 
Only will only use the direct measurement to the point for processing.

 


Foresight-Backsight Measurements



Balance Foresight-Backsight allows for 
averaging in the foresight and backsight measurements when using direct-reverse 
sets.  The 
Direct Foresight Only option will average the foresight measurements only of 
a direct-reverse set.

 



Direct-Reverse Angle Tolerance (Seconds)



This is the tolerance that the angle measured by the direct measurements and the 
angle measured by the reverse measurements in a direct-reverse set must fall 
within.


 



Direct-Reverse Distance Tolerance


This 
setting allows for user input of desired tolerance 
values for multiple measurements.  Exceeded tolerances will be displayed on the 
process results report.  The residual values 
of the measurements will be shown on the process results report.  The data to be averaged can be either the 
Distance Measurements or the Coordinates.


 


 


 



Tools Menu



Import Raw Data
Export Raw Data
Direct - Reverse Report
Reduce Direct - Reverse




 


 



Import

These routines convert raw data from other formats into the 
current Carlson RW5 format. The converted raw data will be added to the end of 
any existing data in the editor. In many cases, the raw data file to import can 
be downloaded directly from the data collector or instrument using the Data 
Collectors command. The following supported formats (along with their 
standard file extension) are listed here.


 






 




Export

These routines convert the Carlson raw data (.RW5) 
file to other formats. The following file formats are supported.


 


 














 



Direct-Reverse Report


This 
routine creates a report of direct and reverse shots along with the resulting 
averaged shots.  Any tolerance specified in the Process Settings>Direct-Reverse 
Settings section, that is exceeded will be displayed in this report.  The 
residuals are the difference between the measurement and the final average.  

 


 



Reduce Direct-Reverse


This 
routine processes the direct and reverse shots and simplifies the raw file by 
replacing the sets of direct and reverse shots with the resulting average 
traverse record.  





 


 



Format of the raw data 
(.RW5) file 


The 
Carlson raw data format is a comma delimited ASCII file containing record types, 
headers, recorded data and comments. The format is based on the RW5 raw data 
specification, with the exception of angle sets. Angle sets are recorded as BD, 
BR, FD and FR records to allow reduction of all possible combinations. 
Essentially, these records are identical to a sideshot record.

 



Backsight Record

Record type: BK
Field headers:



	

		
		

		
		OP

		
		

		Occupy Point

	

	

		
		

		
		BP

		
		

		Back Point

	

	

		
		

		
		BS

		
		

		Backsight

	

	

		
		

		
		BC

		
		

		Back Circle

	





Sample(s):
BK,OP1,BP2,BS315.0000,BC0.0044


Line of Sight Record

Record type: LS
Field headers:



	

		
		

		
		HI

		
		

		Height of Instrument

	

	

		
		

		
		HR

		
		

		Height of Rod*

	




*GPS 
heights may be recorded to phase center or ARP depending on GPS make.

Sample(s):
LS,HI5.000000,HR6.000000
LS,HR4.000000


Occupy Record

Record type: OC
Field headers:



	

		

OP

				
		

Point Name

				
	

	

		

N 


				
		

Northing (the header is 
N space)

				
	

	

		

E

				
		

Easting (the header is E space)

				
	

	

		

EL

				
		

Elevation

				
	

	

		

--

				
		

Note

				
	




Sample(s):
OC,OP1,N 5000.00000,E 5000.00000,EL100.000,--CP


Store Point Record

Record type: SP
Field headers:



	

		
		

		
		PN

				
		
		

		Point Name

				
	

	

		
		

		
		N

				
		
		

		Northing

				
	

	

		
		

		
		E

				
		
		

		Easting

				
	

	

		
		

		
		EL

				
		
		

		Elevation

				
	

	

		
		

		
		--

				
		
		

		Note

				
	




Sample(s):
SP,PN100,N 5002.0000,E 
5000.0000,EL100.0000,--PP

Traverse / 
Sideshot Record / Backsight Direct / Backsight Reverse / Foresight Direct / 
Foresight Reverse

Record type: TR / SS / BD / BR / FD / FR

Field headers:
 



	

		
		

		
		OP

				
		
		

		Occupy Point

				
	

	

		
		

		
		FP

				
		
		

		Foresight Point

				
	

	

		
		
 

				
		
		

		(one of the 
following)

				
	

	

		
		

		
		AZ

				
		
		

		Azimuth

				
	

	

		
		

		
		BR

				
		
		

		Bearing

				
	

	

		
		

		
		AR

				
		
		

		Angle-Right

				
	

	

		
		

		
		AL

				
		
		

		Angle-Left

				
	

	

		
		

		
		DR

				
		
		

		Deflection-Right

				
	

	

		
		

		
		DL

				
		
		

		Deflection-Left

				
	

	

		
		
 

				
		
		

		(one of the following)

				
	

	

		
		

		
		ZE

				
		
		

		Zenith

				
	

	

		
		

		
		VA

				
		
		

		Vertical angle

				
	

	

		
		

		
		CE

				
		
		

		Change Elevation

				
	

	

		
		
 

				
		
		

		(one of the following)

				
	

	

		
		

		
		SD

				
		
		

		Slope 
Distance

				
	

	

		
		

		
		HD

				
		
		

		Horizontal Distance

				
	




--, Note
Sample(s):

TR,OP1,FP4,AR90.3333,ZE90.3333,SD25.550000,--CP

SS,OP1,FP2,AR0.0044,ZE86.0133,SD10.313750,--CP

BD,OP1,FP2,AR0.0055,ZE86.0126,SD10.320000,--CP

BR,OP1,FP2,AR180.0037,ZE273.5826,SD10.315000,--CP

FD,OP1,FP3,AR57.1630,ZE89.4305,SD7.393000,--CP

FR,OP1,FP3,AR237.1612,ZE270.1548,SD7.395000,--CP


GPS
Record 
type: GPS
Field headers:



	

		
		

		
		PN 

				
		
		

		Point Name

				
	

	

		
		

		
		LA 

				
		
		

		Latitude (WGS84)

				
	

	

		
		

		
		LN 

				
		
		

		Longitude (WGS84,negative for West)

				
	

	

		
		

		
		EL 

				
		
		

		Ellipsoid elevation in meters*

				
	

	

		
		

		
		--

				
		
		

		Note

				
	




*GPS heights may be recorded to phase center or ARP depending on GPS 
make.
Sample(s):
GPS,PN701,LA42.214630920,LN-71.081409184,EL-21.8459,--C

P /Brass Disk


 





Alphabetical 
listing of Record Types
 



	

		



BD 

				
		


Backsight Direct

				
	

	

		



BK 

				
		


Backsight

				
	

	

		



BR 


				
		


Backsight Reverse

				
	

	

		



FD 

				
		


Foresight Direct

				
	

	

		



FR

				
		

Foresight Reverse

				
	

	

		



GPS 

				
		


GPS 
Position in Lat (dd.mmss) Lon (dd.mmss - Negative for West) and WGS84 Ellipsoid 
Elevation in meters

				
	




 





Alphabetical listing of Field Headers

 



	

		
		
AD

				
		
		

		Azimuth Direction ( 0 for North,1 for 
		South)

				
	

	

		
		
AL

				
		
		

		Angle-Left

				
	

	

		
		
AR 


				
		
		
Angle-Right

				
	

	

		
		
AZ 
		

				
		
		
Azimuth

				
	

	

		
		
BC 
		

				
		
		
Back Circle

				
	

	

		
		
BP

				
		
		

		Back Point

				
	

	

		
		
BR 
		

				
		
		
Bearing (this 
field will be recorded as N123.4500W)

				
	

	

		
		
BS 
		

				
		
		
Backsight (when back point is not 
defined)

				
	

	

		
		
CE 
		

				
		
		
Change Elevation

				
	

	

		
		
DL

				
		
		

		Deflection-Left

				
	

	

		
		
DR

				
		
		

		Deflection-Right

				
	

	

		
		
DT

				
		
		

		Local Date (MM-DD-YYYY)

				
	

	

		
		
E 
		

				
		
		
Easting (the header is E space)

				
	

	

		
		
EC

				
		
		

		Earth Curvature (0 for off,  1 for 
		on)

				
	

	

		
		
EL

				
		
		

		Elevation (GPS value is ellipsoid 
elevation in meters)

				
	

	

		
		
EO

				
		
		

		EDM Offset

				
	

	

		
		
FE 
		

				
		
		
Foresight Elevation

				
	

	

		
		
FP 
		

				
		
		
Foresight 
Point

				
	

	

		
		
HD

				
		
		

		Horizontal Distance

				
	

	

		
		
HI

				
		
		

		Height of Instrument

				
	

	

		
		
HR

				
		
		

		Height of Rod

				
	

	

		
		
LA

				
		
		

		Latitude

				
	

	

		
		
LN

				
		
		

		Longitude

				
	

	

		
		
N 
		

				
		
		
Northing (the header is N space)

				
	

	

		
		
OC 
		

				
		
		
Occupy 
Point Coordinates

				
	

	

		
		
OP

				
		
		

		Occupy Point

				
	

	

		
		
PN 
		

				
		
		
Point Name

				
	

	

		
		
SD

				
		
		

		Slope Distance

				
	

	

		
		
SF

				
		
		

		Scale Factor

				
	

	

		
		
TM

				
		
		

		Local Time (HH:MM:SS)

				
	

	

		
		
UN

				
		
		

		Distance Unit (0 for feet, 1 for meter, 2 
		for US feet)

				
	

	

		
		
VA

				
		
		

		Vertical Angle

				
	

	

		
		
ZE

				
		
		

		Zenith

				
	

	

		
		
-- 
		

				
		
		
Note

				
	





 



Traverse Examples
 



	

		

			
			

			

		

		

			
			

			 

			This first example is a closed 
			traverse with an internal backsight of azimuth 178° 00' 42"

		

	




 


 


Use the 
functions under the Add menu to create and fill out the raw file as shown 
here.  


 



	

	 
	 
	

 


Notice 
that the record from point 7 to 8 is set as a CL+AB record. This tells the 
program that point 8 is the closing point and that the angle from 7 to 8 is the 
closing angle.  For traverse adjustment, the closing reference point is 1 and the 
closure error is the difference between point 1 and point 8.  For angle balance, 
the reference closing angle is 358° 00' 42" (178° 0' 42" + 180°).  The angle balance 
error is the difference between this reference angle and the angle from points 7 
to 8.  


 


Now 
let's process using Compass adjustment with Angle Balance.  Choose
Compass under the Process menu and fill out the dialogs as shown.
 


 


 



	

	 



	

	 
 



	

	 



	

	



	

	 



	

	Process report: 

 


Process Results 05/23/2002 10:06
Raw file> 
CRD file> C:/Program Files/Simplicity Sight Survey 2009/xporttmp.crd



Scale Factor: 1.00000000
Correct for Earth Curvature: OFF
Starting Point 1: N 5000.00 E 5000.00 Z 100.00
BackSight Azimuth: 178°00'42"



Point Horizontal  Zenith   Slope   Inst  Rod   Northing   Easting   Elev
No.   Angle       Angle    Dist    HT    HT
Description



2     AR268.5330  89.4050  711.32  5.32  6.00  5038.43    5710.27   103.29
P2
3     AR262.5448  89.3236  457.76  5.43  6.00  4587.89    5791.20   106.36
P3
4     AR208.5710  89.1803  201.31  5.40  6.00  4397.30    5726.43   108.22
P4
5     AR247.1657  88.5235  497.12  5.40  6.00  4363.08    5230.59   117.37
P5
19    AR289.3456  91.4405  112.45  5.40  6.00  4471.32    5260.88   113.36
SS1
6     AR277.4835  90.2926  223.98  5.40  6.00  4586.54    5245.67   114.85
P6
7      AR92.4143  90.2746  233.88  5.40  6.00  4613.25    5013.33   112.36
P7
8     AR261.2756  91.4405  387.25  5.42  6.00  5000.09    4999.97   100.06
CLOSE



Closure Results (Before Angle Balance)



Starting Point 1: N 5000.00 E 5000.00 Z 100.00



Closing Reference Point 1: N 5000.00 E 5000.00 Z 100.00
Ending Point 8: N 5000.09 E 4999.97 Z 100.06
Azimuth Error : 341°38'22"
North Error   : 0.09061
East Error    : -0.03007
Vertical Error: 0.05953
Hz Dist Error : 0.09547
Sl Dist Error : 0.11251
Traverse Lines> 7
SideShots> 1
Horiz Dist Traversed: 2712.29
Slope Dist Traversed: 2712.62
Closure Precision: 1 in 28409



 


Compass Closure
Adjusted Point Comparison



       Original           Adjusted
Point# Northing  Easting  Northing  Easting   Dist  Bearing
2      5038.445  5710.269 5038.440  5710.294  0.025 S 79°46'08" E
3      4587.914  5791.222 4587.907  5791.263  0.042 S 79°46'08" E
4      4397.319  5726.469 4397.310  5726.517  0.049 S 79°46'08" E
5      4363.044  5230.628 4363.032  5230.693  0.067 S 79°46'08" E
6      4586.509  5245.681 4586.496  5245.755  0.075 S 79°46'08" E
7      4613.178  5013.335 4613.163  5013.416  0.083 S 79°46'08" E
8      5000.017  4999.905 5000.000  5000.000  0.097 S 79°46'08" E



Max adjustment: 0.097
Starting Point 1: N 5000.00 E 5000.00 Z 100.00
BackSight Azimuth: 178°00'42"



Point Horizontal Zenith  Slope  Inst Rod  Northing  Easting  Elev
No.   Angle      Angle   Dist   HT   HT
Description



2     AR268.5326 89.4050 711.34 5.32 6.00 5038.44   5710.29  103.29
P2
3     AR262.5434 89.3236 457.76 5.43 6.00 4587.91   5791.26  106.36
P3
4     AR208.5704 89.1803 201.30 5.40 6.00 4397.31   5726.52  108.22
P4
5     AR247.1657 88.5235 497.09 5.40 6.00 4363.03   5230.69  117.37
P5
19    AR289.3456 91.4405 112.47 5.40 6.00 4471.28   5260.97  113.36
SS1
6     AR277.4839 90.2926 223.99 5.40 6.00 4586.50   5245.75  114.85
P6
7      AR92.4130 90.2746 233.88 5.40 6.00 4613.16   5013.42  112.36
P7
8     AR261.2758 91.4405 387.27 5.42 6.00 5000.00   5000.00  100.06
CLOSE



Shown above is the resulting process report. The angle balance had an error 
of 39 seconds which was divided among the 7 traverse sides.  The Compass Closure 
shows how each traverse point was adjusted and then the resulting adjusted 
angles and distances.  


 


 


Here is another layout of the last example that shows an external backsight 
setup. In this case there are two known points. Point 1 is the starting point 
and point 21 is the initial backsight. The setup could also use a backsight 
azimuth (ie north azimuth for example) instead of a backsight point number.
 


 



 


 


The closing record setup has changed from the last example. In this example, 
the shot from 7 to 8 is the closing shot with point 8 as the closing point. The 
closing reference point is still point 1. The angle balance shot is from 8 to 9 
and the reference angle is from 1 to 21.  



	

 

	

		

			
			

			

		

		

			
			

			Example of an open traverse

		

	




 


The traverse starts from the known point 1 and ends at the known point 14. In 
this case there is no angle balance shot. The closing shot is from 3 to 4 with 
point 4 being the closing point. Point 14 is the closing reference point. 






	


 


The closing record setup has changed from the last example. In this example, 
the shot from 7 to 8 is the closing shot with point 8 as the closing point. The 
closing reference point is still point 1. The angle balance shot is from 8 to 9 
and the reference angle is from 1 to 21.  


 



Here is an example of an open traverse. 




 


Compass Report from Open Traverse example:

 


Process Results
Raw file> d:/scdev/data/tsurvey.RW5
CRD file> d:/scdev/data/tsurvey.crd



Compass Closure
Adjusted Point Comparison



       Original         Adjusted
Point# Northing Easting Northing Easting Distance Bearing
2      5013.76  5711.18 5013.78  5711.13 0.047    N 63d21'19" W
3      4560.69  5776.42 4560.72  5776.35 0.078    N 63d21'19" W
4      4372.46  5705.08 4372.50  5705.00 0.091    N 63d21'19" W



Point Horizontal Vertical Slope  Inst Rod Northing Easting Elev
No.   Angle      Angle    Dist   HT   HT
Description

2     AR133.5324 89.4050  711.27 5.32 6.00 5013.78 5711.13 103.29
3     AR262.5506 89.3236  457.74 5.43 6.00 4560.72 5776.35 106.36
4     AR208.5712 89.1803  201.30 5.40 6.00 4372.50 5705.00 108.22



The traverse starts from the known point 1 and ends at the known point 14. In 
this case there is no angle balance shot. The closing shot is from 3 to 4 with 
point 4 being the closing point. Point 14 is the closing reference point.