Pressure_Pipe

This command models pressure pipe networks using methods and computations as required by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and compatible with EPANet software (version 2.2). This network, while using a .util file extension for data storage, is a separate model from utility or sewer networks. A pressure pipe network is made up of water source reservoirs, pumps, pipes, valves, water demand and storage tanks defined by horizontal and vertical alignment (centerline and profile), and parameters associated with the features of the network. The pressure pipe network models can be used in the Collisions Conflict Check command along with sewer and utility network models.

The top of the docked dialog box has thirteen buttons. Hover over each icon to see its name. Each button is described as follows:

Add Pressure Pipe Element

Add Pipe
Add Pump
Add Reservoir
Add Tank
Add Valve

Add Pipe

Add Pipe dialog box prompts the user to select a Centerline file or to screen pick a polyline for a pipe. To add other entities, click the component heading, right-click to add. Add Pipe may also be accessed by right-clicking "Pipes" in the Pressure Pipe Network tree or by right-clicking on any existing pipe in the network.

Edit Pipe

Once the choice has been selected, the Edit Pipe dialog box appears. This box can also be accessed by clicking the Edit button or by right-clicking on an existing pipe in the network and choosing "Edit Pipe".

The Pipe Name is the name of the pressure pipe line. Each name must be unique in the pressure pipe network.

The Pipe Dim1 is the exterior diameter of the pipe. Carlson currently supports only round pipe in a pressure pipe network.

The Pipe Thickness is the thickness of the pipe's wall.

The Min Cover is the minimum depth for the pressure pipe profile. This value is used to create the profile and keep it below the reference surface. Also, the Report function has a report for checking the min cover.

The Roughness Coefficient is used to calculate friction loss in the pressure pipe network and is specific to the pipe material and the Analysis Method described below. Click the Set button to display a list of pipe materials with associated roughness coefficients.

The Plan View Linetype is used for drawing the pressure pipe line in the Draw Plan View function.

The Layer settings are used for drawing the pressure pipe line in the drawing.

The Profile Elevation Reference on Pipe controls the pipe position in the pressure pipe profile with respect to the reference surface and the Min Cover value.

The Centerline defines the horizontal alignment of the pressure pipe line.

The Profile defines the vertical alignment for the pressure pipe line.

Edit Connections

The Edit Connections is an optional list of stations along the pressure pipe line where you can set a name, a 2-D drawing Symbol, a 3-D drawing Model, and a Demand for pressurized water at this Station.

The Add From Points button displays the following dialog and allows for the creation of pipe connections from a list of points.

The Add Multiple button allows creating many connections at a time. A dialog prompts for the number of connections, starting station, station interval, name, symbol and demand. All the new connections will be created with the same name, symbol and demand which you can edit in the spreadsheet.

The Insert button allows the user to enter a new Station, a name for the new Station, 2-D Symbol, 3-D Model, and water Demand at the new Station in volume per time.

The Delete button removes the currently highlighted connection from the Connection List.

The Sort button displays the following dialog:

To sort the connection list by ascending station values click Ascending. To sort the stations in descending order, click Descending.

The Attribute button is only visible if connection attributes have been defined in the Attributes tab in the Settings dialog. When the Attribute button is clicked a dialog similar to the following is displayed:

A separate row for each defined station will be displayed. The number if columns displayed is based upon the number of connection attributes that have been defined in the Attributes tab in the Settings dialog. Enter the desired attribute value in each of the fields.

Edit Laterals

The Edit Laterals is an optional list of stations along the pressure pipe line where Laterals are connected. A Lateral is defined by a Station, pipe size, Northing and Easting location of the Cleanout, Elevation of the Cleanout, and water Demand of the Lateral. Use the Pick button to screen pick the connection and cleanout points, or to pick an existing line for the lateral. The Connection and Cleanout Symbols are used for drawing the lateral in plan view.

The Insert button allows the user to enter a new lateral on the pipe being edited.

The Delete button removes a lateral from the pipe being edited.

The Sort button displays the following dialog:

To sort the laterals station list by ascending station values click Ascending. To sort the stations in descending order, click Descending.

The Add Multiple button allows creating many laterals at a time. A dialog prompts for the number of laterals, starting station, station interval, size, offset and demand. All the new laterals will be created with the same size, offset and demand which you can edit in the spreadsheet.

Edit Attributes

The Edit Attributes button allows the assignation of attributes, previously defined on the Attributes tab in the Settings function, to the pipe. These Attributes are used in reporting and drawing of labels. The Water attributes will be displayed in the Attributes dialog for adding or updating. If no Water attributes have been defined in Settings, then a message will be displayed.

Add Pump

To add a Pump, highlight the heading Pumps in the Pressure Network tree, right-click and select Add Pump. Highlighting an existing pump and right-clicking allows the choices Add Pump, Edit Pump, and Delete Pump.

When Add Pump is selected, the Add Pump Dialog Box is displayed, allowing the user to select a Centerline file or the selection an existing polyline on-screen.

Edit Pump

Once this choice is made, the Edit Pump dialog box appears.

Name is the user defined name of the pump. Change the centerline file by clicking the Centerline button. Clicking the Edit Button next to the centerline file name allows the editing of the chosen centerline file. The Start Elevation and End Elevation fields are used to set the pump's elevation in the system. These values are typically equal, but not necessarily. The Pump Parameters define the pump's operation. The Add, Edit and Delete buttons below the Pump Parameters list allow adding and editing of pump parameters. The Edit and Delete buttons are only enabled when a pump parameter is selected in the Pump Parameters list. To add a new pump parameter press the Add button which will display the following dialog:

A pump must be defined using either a Power or a Head parameter but never both. When the Power keyword is selected the Value field is enabled where a constant energy in Horsepower or Kilo-Watts is entered, producing the same energy requirement for any combination of water volume and pressure. When the Head keyword is selected the Curve field is enabled and the Value field is disabled. A pump Curve plots the relationship between flow volume and head. Curves can be created or edited using the Edit button. For more details about curves, see the Add/Edit EPANet Curves section. Speed modifies the pump speed, which is 1.0 for normal speed. Double speed would be 2.0 and half speed would be 0.5. To shut the pump off, set the speed to be 0.0. Pattern allows the selection of a pattern curve which allows variable pump speeds through time. Once a Keyword and Value or Curve are selected, click OK to save the parameter.

Highlight a pump parameter in the Pump Parameters list and click Edit and the pump parameter dialog will be displayed for editing. Double-clicking on a pump parameter will also bring up the pump parameter dialog for editing.

Highlight a pump parameter in the Pump Parameters list and click Delete to remove the parameter.

Add Reservoir

To add a Reservoir, highlight the Reservoirs heading in the Pressure Pipe Network tree, right-click and select Add Reservoir. Highlighting an existing Reservoir and right-clicking allows the choices of Add Reservoir, Edit Reservoir, or Remove Reservoir.

When Add Reservoir is selected, the Add Reservoir Dialog Box is displayed.

Select the Reservoir location by clicking the arrow in the dropdown box next to "Pipe". Reservoirs may also be connected to pumps. A pump may be connected to only one reservoir and will disappear from the pipe and pump list if already assigned to a reservoir. Select whether the reservoir is at the Start or End of the pipe or pump. Name the reservoir. Set the elevation of the Hydraulic Head.

Edit Reservoir

To edit a reservoir, select an existing reservoir name, right click and choose Edit Reservoir, causing the Edit Reservoir dialog box to appear.

Change values as needed, click OK to save changes.

Add Tank

To add a Tank, highlight the Tanks heading in the Pressure Pipe Network tree, right-click and select Add Tank. Highlighting an existing Reservoir and right-clicking allows the choices of Add Tank, Edit Tank, or Remove Tank.

When Add Tank is selected, the Add Tank Dialog Box is displayed.

Clicking the arrow in the drop down box beside Pipe allows the selection of the component the tank attaches to. Start and End buttons are used to set the tank's location with respect to the component. Name the tank. The Set Parameters By Pressure button computes the tank parameters using a specified pressure. The Bottom Elevation is the tank's minimum gravity head, the bottom of an empty tank. Initial Water Level is the starting water level elevation of the analysis. The Minimum Water Level is the least amount of water desired in the tank entered as an elevation. Maximum Water Level is the maximum amount of water desired in the tank entered as an elevation. Nominal Diameter is the average cross-sectional area of the tank used to convert a change in water volume to the change in water level elevation in the tank. The Minimum Volume is the least amount of water allowed in the tank which should be equivalent to the Minimum Water Level. There is an option to assign a Volume Curve to the tank to model tanks of different shapes with cross-sections that vary by elevation.

Edit Tank

To edit a tank, select an existing tank name, right click and choose Edit Tank, causing the Edit Tank dialog box to appear.

Change values as needed, click OK to save changes.

Add Valve

To add a Valve, highlight the Valves heading in the Pressure Pipe Network tree, right-click and select Add Valve. Highlighting an existing Reservoir and right-clicking allows the choices of Add Valve, Edit Valve, or Remove Valve.

When Add Valve is selected, the Add Valve Dialog Box is displayed, allowing the selection of a Centerline file or the selection of an existing polyline on-screen.

Edit Valve

After selection, the Edit Valve dialog box appears.

Name the Valve. Clicking the Centerline button allows a choice of a new Centerline file. Clicking the Edit button here allows the editing of the Centerline. Enter the Start Elevation and End Elevation. Assign a valve Type. A Pressure Reducing Valve, Pressure Sustaining Valve, or Pressure Breaker Valve require a Setting pressure. A Flow Control Valve requires a Setting of limiting volume. A Throttle Control Valve requires a Setting of a loss coefficient supplied by the manufacturer of the valve. A General Purpose Valve requires the application of a Headloss Curve. To edit or create a new curve click Edit and for more details about curves, see the Add/Edit EPANet Curves section. A Diameter in inches or mm of the valve is required for all valves. A Loss Coefficient may be applied to any valve or may be zero.

Edit Pressure Pipe Element

The Edit button edits the highlighted element from the pressure pipe network.

Pipe
Pump
Reservoir
Tank
Valve

Remove Pressure Pipe Element

The Remove button deletes the highlighted element from the pressure pipe network. If a valid element is selected, then you will be prompted to verify the element removal with the following dialog:

Report

The Report button displays the Report dialog box.

Reports

The Data Files Report displays the files and parameters for each component of the pressure pipe network.

The Min Cover Check Report displays the Reference Surface and .util files used, and, for each pipe, the minimum cover as well as the average cover elevation.

The Quantities displays the Carlson Report Formatter, allowing the user to create custom reports using pressure pipe network information, import additional information, present the information in a variety of different formats, and export the report for other use.

Output IFC File

The Output IFC File button creates a file that can be used by other software to import the 3-D model of the pressure pipe network.

Settings

The Pressure Pipe Network Settings button displays a multi-tabbed dialog box, defaulting to the "General" tab. All pressure pipe network settings from all tabs can be saved to a file using the SaveAs button. The saved settings are stored in a .uns file. Any previously stored settings can be loaded using the Load button. The new settings will not be stored into the .util file until you press the Save button on the main docked dialog.

Setting General Tab

Settings

The Reference Surface is a triangulation file that is used for the min cover calculations and as a reference when editing pressure pipe profiles. The Auto Zoom to Current Selection check box finds and zooms to the component highlighted in the pressure pipe network tree. Highlight Current Centerline provides visual choices for in-drawing indication of the pressure pipe network component which has been selected.

Setting Plan View Tab

On the "Plan View" tab, the Text and Symbol Size Scalers are used to set the size of pressure pipe network text and symbols for the Draw Plan View function. Clicking the "Set" button next to the Text Style field controls the font used for the pressure pipe network. The Label Name dropdown box allows the user to place the pressure pipe network component label at either end, at intervals defined in the Label Interval field, or choose "None" for no labels on components. Clicking the "Set" button beside The Pump, Tank, and Reservoir Symbols, selects the 2-D plan view symbols used for these components.

Settings Pipe Labels Tab

On the "Pipe Labels" tab, choose the Pressure Pipe Type from the dropdown, then select the Available Labels, moving them to be included using Add, then use the green arrows to reorder selections. Label Location may be None, Ends, Interval or Both. If Interval or Both is selected, set the Label Interval, then the End Label Style. Labels Above Symbol places the first X number of labels in the Used Labels box above the line, the rest below.

Settings Connection Labels Tab

On the "Connection Labels" tab, select the Available Labels, moving them to be included using Add, then use the green arrows to reorder selections. Choose the layer for the connection labels. Choose the End Label Style. Labels Above Symbol places the first X number of labels in the Used Labels box above the line, the rest below.

Setting Color Tab

The "Color" tab sets the default colors to use when creating the layers used for drawing this and other Utility Networks.

Settings Attributes Tab

On the "Attributes" tab, choose the Type then add any number of Attribute values or descriptions to associate with any components in the pressure pipe network. These can be displayed on the Quantities Report.

Settings Crossings Tab

On the "Crossings" tab, select the Check Crossings box to activate the ability to check for crossings and collisions. Add files to be checked, .SEW or .UTIL files.

Settings Defaults Tab

On the "Defaults" tab, the initial 2-D Connection Symbol and 3-D Connection Model are defined using the "Set" buttons. These may be changed when adding or editing a Connection. Set a Manning n Roughness Coefficient for the connection.

Help

The Help button displays this document..

Draw

Clicking the Draw button displays the Draw dialog box.

Draw 3D Polylines

The 3D Polylines function creates a 3D polyline for each pressure pipe line. These polylines are tagged with their pipe size in the same format as the Assign Pipe Data to Polyline command.

Draw 3D Faces

The 3D Faces function draws each pressure pipe line as a 3D pipe using 3D faces. These 3D faces can then be used in the 3D Viewer commands.

Draw Plan View

The Plan View function draws a 2D polyline for each pressure pipe line and labels the line with its' name and connection points.

Draw Profile

The Profile function displays the Select Profiles to Draw dialog box.

Set Reference Centerline allows the selection of a Centerline file to choose a Profile file. Add allows the selection of a Profile file. Add Multiple allows the selection of more than one Profile file choice at a time. Remove deletes a Profile from the list. Clear removes all Profiles from the list. Special Stations allows Station marks and elevation information to be displayed at other positions on the profile than at the beginning, end, and connection points by adding a new Station. Save Set saves the list of profiles to a user defined file name for recall. Open Set opens a previously saved Set. Multiple Profile allows the manipulation of Profile files containing more than one Profile.

EPANet

Selecting the EPANet button displays EPANet Actions dialog box and defaults to the "Hydraulics" tab.

EPANet Hydraulics Tab

The Analysis Method dropdown box allows the selection of one of three methods supported by EPANet.

The Units dropdown box allows the selection of the desired volume per time unit.

The 2D Junction Tolerance allows the user to insert a 2D distance. Like pressure pipe network entities within the 2D tolerance will be joined even if the 3D elevation does not exactly match.

EPANet Times Tab

The "Times" tab allows setting parameters for either a single time period or an extended analysis.

If Time Period Analysis - Single is selected, all other fields on the tab are deactivated, setting up a "snapshot" analysis of the pressure pipe network.

If Time Period Analysis - Extended is selected, all fields on the tab are available for edit. Total Duration is the total length of time to be analyzed. Water quality is not currently being analyzed in Carlson 2019. Quality Time Step is not currently used. Pattern Start Time is the time the Demand Patterns created and listed on the "Demand Patterns" tab starts. Report Start Time is the first time shown on the analysis. Hydraulic Time Step is the time unit incremented as the analysis proceeds through the Total Duration. Pattern Time Step is the time unit used to step from one Demand Pattern to the next. Reporting Step Time defaults to the Hydraulic Time Step unless and different increment is assigned in this field. Clock Start Time is when the analysis begins. The Statistic controls how information is presented in the Analysis report. None reports data at each Reporting Time Step increment or, if zero, the Hydraulic Time Step. Average reports the average values found for the Total Duration. Minimum reports the minimum value, Maximum reports the maximum value and Range reports minimum and maximum values across the Total Duration.

EPANet Demand Patterns Tab

The "Demand Patterns" tab allows the weighting of water demand assigned to connections and laterals when creating the pressure pipe network based on time of day.

Select an existing pattern to be used to weight the demand during different times of the day. To add a new Pattern, pick the Add button. Another dialog is shown to enter the parameters. Type a new Pattern ID, a new Description, desired Multipliers and click OK.

In the example above, the Clock and the Pattern start at midnight and the demand is reduced by the Multiplier 0.50 until the Pattern Time Step increment comes due at 6am, increasing the demand by 1.3. At noon, demand drops to its' default values, then at 6pm demand is increased by a factor of 1.20. Note that the Pattern Time Step and the number of Multipliers are synchronized.

Add/Edit EPANet Curves

Next, develop a pump curve by clicking the Curve button. By specifying the Type, the values in the X and Y columns are defined.

Pump Curve 2

The Curve Type Pump develops a single-point or multi-point Pump Curve plotting volume per unit time (flow rate) in the X column, head in the Y column. An Efficiency Curve plots a pump's flow rate in the X column vs. energy use efficiency as a percentage in the Y column. A Volume Curve plots flow rate in the X column vs. the change in elevation (head) in a tank and is used to model tanks with non-uniform cross sections. A Headloss Curve plots the flow rate in the X column vs. the headloss in feet or meters in the Y column as water flows through a General Purpose Valve.

The Analysis button produces a report that can be viewed, saved, printed and search showing demands, flow rates, head, energy consumption, pressures, velocities and headlosses in the Network, either as a snapshot or with a Demand Pattern applied.

The Export button creates a file which can be imported into EPANet.

Save

The Save button saves any changes made to the current .util file.

SaveAs

The SaveAs button prompts for a new .util file and saves the current pressure pipe network and settings .

Load/New

The Load/New button prompts for an existing .util file or the file name for a new .util file and loads the existing file or initializes a new file.

Exit

The Exit button exits the Pressure Pipe Network command. If changes have been made, a prompt will be displayed asking if you want to save or discard the changes.

Pulldown Menu Location: Network
Keyboard Command: epanet
Prerequisites: Centerline files, Profile files and/or polylines representing pipes, pumps, and valves.