Range Diagram

The Range Diagram command is an interactive tool for analyzing dragline cut scenarios. This is a quick and easy way to find parameters such as pit width, or to size a dragline to fit the geology. Methods of mining include Side Cast, Extended Bench, Dozer Bench, and Spoil Bench. Output includes both drawing the sections in CAD and printing out reports as PDF files, where each step is a separate page. The main dialog is shown below. 



Graphics Window

The visual display of the range diagram is shown at the top of the dialog in the graphics window. Four icons are located to the right of the window, which control display settings and camera movement. These icons, listed from top to bottom are:
Pan: This icon will allow you to pan around the graphics window by clicking-and-dragging the left mouse button.
Zoom: This icon will allow you to zoom in and out in the graphics window by clicking-and-dragging the left mouse button.
Zoom Extents: This icon will zoom to the extents of the diagram.
Set Colors and Settings: This icon will open the below dialog, which controls the labels shown in the graphics window. You may set new colors by clicking the Select button next to each option.

Show Current Dragline Only:  This option will only show the current dragline, rather than showing all dragline passes at once.
Show ___ Label: These options will label the respective items in the graphics window.
Automatically Center Drawing: This option will automatically center the range diagram on the PDF report.
PDF X/Y: These settings control the position of the range diagram in the PDF when it is not automatically centered.

Input Parameters

This section of the help document discusses the Input Parameters, shown below.


Many of these options are visually explained below.

Plan Type: This option sets the mining method. Four options are available:
The Side Cast method places the dragline on the waste material with a previously cut pit on one side. The dragline strips the waste material and places it into the open pit.
The Extended Bench method is similar to the Side Cast method, but the dragline will first place waste material at the edge of the existing highwall, thus extending the current bench further into the open pit. This allows the dragline to position itself on the extended bench, where it can then resume side casting material further into the open pit. This allows the dragline to spoil the material further into the open pit, but requires rehandle of the material used to create the extended bench.
The Dozer Bench method is similar to the Side Cast method, but is preceded by a dozer pushing a portion of the existing bench into the open pit. This allows draglines with a shallower digging reach to effectively dig out greater depths of overburden. 
The Spoil Bench method is similar to the Side Cast method, but the dragline is positioned on the spoiled material rather than on the active bench.


Settings: This button controls settings specific to the Extended Bench, Dozer Bench, and Spoil Bench Plan Types, depending on which Plan Type is currently selected. Each setting is visually represented in the settings dialog.
The Extended Bench Settings are shown below.


Steepened Angle: This value controls the angle, in degrees, of the new slope of the extended bench.
Bench Width: This value controls the width of the extended bench.

The Dozer Bench Settings are shown below.


Steepened Angle: This value controls the angle, in degrees, of the spoil pushed by the dozer into the pit.
Dozer Angle: This value controls the push angle of the dozer until it reaches the Dozer Depth.
Dozer Depth: This value controls the digging depth of the dozer.
Dozer Width: This value controls the width from the existing highwall to the start of the flat portion of the dozer bench. Note that the full dozer bench may be longer than this value depending on pit geometry.

The Spoil Bench Settings are shown below.


Flatten Previous Spoil: This option is only applied when two dragline passes are designed. When selected, the left three settings of this dialog will be made unavailable and the right three setting will become available. When a previous spoil pile is flattened for the dragline bench, it is always pushed further into the pit, away from the unmined ore.
Steepened Angle: This value controls the spoil angle from the pit floor up to the dragline spoil bench.
Bench Height: This value controls the height of the dragline spoil bench.
Spoil Offset: This value controls the width of the dragline spoil bench.
Repose Angle: When flattening a previous spoil pile for the new dragline bench, this value controls the repose angle, in degrees, of the pushed material.
Flatten Distance: When flattening a previous spoil pile for the new dragline bench, this value controls the width of the spoil that is flattened in preparation for the dragline.
New Spoil Offset: When flattening a previous spoil pile for the new dragline bench, this value controls the spoil offset from the previous spoil pile.

Cut Direction: This options determines whether the cut is advancing to the right or the left in the graphics window.

Pit Width: This value sets the width of the existing, open pit. This can represent a previous pass, or a boxcut.

Spoil Angle: This value sets the angle of repose, in degrees, for the spoiled material.

Coal Fender Height: This value sets the height of the remaining coal that may be covered with spoil. This wedge of coal that is covered by the spoil is known as a fender.

Spoil Toe Offset: This value places the toe of the spoil the specified distance from the bottom of the coal seam.

Cut Width: This value sets the width of the new cut. This is the field that is frequently changed in order to find an adequate pit size.

Back Face Angle: This value sets the highwall angle, in degrees, for the new cut for all strata.

Spoil by Reach: This option places the top of the pile at a distance specified in the Spoil by Reach column of the Dragline and Seam Data section of the dialog. When selected, the Coal Fender Height and Spoil Toe Offset fields will be unavailable.

Dragline and Seam Data

This section of the help document discusses the Dragline and Seam Data inputs, shown below.


Note that this section of the dialog uses colored text to highlight design flaws. Black text is used for simple input values, blue text is used for maximum available values, green text is used for values that are attainable with the current design, and red text is used for values that are not attainable with the current design.

Dragline: This dropdown menu sets the dragline to use for the current pass. When selected, a list of predefined draglines will be shown. Draglines may be added/edited via the Define Dragline Equipment command (Surface Mining Module > Surface Pulldown Menu).

Reach: This value displays the horizontal reach of the selected dragline.

Max Height: This value displays the vertical dumping height of the selected dragline, as measured from the bottom of the dragline.

Max Depth: This value displays the vertical digging depth of the selected dragline, as measured from the bottom of the dragline.

SW Dig: This value displays the required dragline Swing Angle, in degrees, on the digging side. If this value is shown in red, then the dragline cannot reach the entire cut, even with a -90 degree swing angle.

SW Dump: This value displays the required dragline Swing Angle, in degrees, on the dump side. If this value is shown in red, then the dragline cannot reach far enough into the pit to adequately dump the waste material, even with a 90 degree swing angle.

Strata (Top Section): This option sets the strata on which the dragline is positioned.

Offset: This value sets the distance between the highwall and the center of the dragline tub.

Strata (Bottom Section): This column lists all strata to be handled in the current dragline pass.

Key: This column marks each strata as key or non-key (waste) material. Only non-key material will be spoiled.

Thickness: This column controls the thickness of each strata.

Front Face Angle: This column controls the highwall angle, in degrees, of each strata. Note that a value of 90 represents a vertical highwall.

Density: This column sets the density for each strata. English units are set to lbs/ft3 and metric units are set to kg/m3.

Toe Offset: This column controls the bench width between strata.

Swell %: This column lists the swell percent of the spoiled material. A material with a swell of 10% will occupy 1.1 times it's original volume after it has been spoiled.

Sh/Truck Thickness: This column controls the thickness of each non-key strata that is to be excavated by truck and shovel (material that won't be spoiled into the open pit).

Key Cut: This column controls if each non-key material is to be excavated with a key cut. Clicking the Edit button will open the below dialog, which is shown next to an example of the results it will produce.


Use Key Cut: This option toggles the use of the key cut.
Cut Side: This option controls the location of the key cut - either the right or the left side of the cut area.
Cut Width: This value controls the width of the key cut.
Cut Angle (degree): This value controls the cut angle of the key cut.
Dragline Offset: This value controls the distance between the crest of the highwall and the center of the dragline, during the key cut.
Add to Spoil: This option will actually spoil the material excavated in the key cut. If not selected, the material from the key cut is assumed to be haul away to another dump location. 
Flatten Key-Cut Spoil: This option is only available when the Add to Spoil option is selected. This option will flatten the top of the spoil pile created from the key cut. When selected, the Spoil Bench Settings dialog will be used to set the parameters for the flattened bench.
Set Buck-wall Angle: This option will set the angle of repose for material spoiled from the key cut. This allows for two angles of repose to be displayed in the overall spoil pile. Several of the above parameters are represented below.



Coal Fender Height: This column displays the required coal fender height for the given Spoil by Reach value. This value is calculated automatically.

Spoil Toe Offset: This column displays the required spoil toe offset for the given Spoil by Reach value. This value is calculated automatically as the distance from the toe of the spoil to the to of the strata.

Spoil by Reach: Yes or No. This column sets the spoil distance for each strata when the Spoil by Reach toggle above is selected.

Bottom-row Icons: At the bottom of the Dragline and Seam Data section of the dialog are six icons, shown below.


Listed in order from left to right:
Add Pass: This icon will add an additional dragline pass to the cut. This can be a different dragline or an additional pass of the same dragline. Each dragline pass is listed on a separate tab. Note that any strata layers listed for one dragline pass will be completely excavated in that pass. If a strata is to be excavated with dragline pass #2, that strata should not be listed in dragline pass #1. An example of the tabs shown for three dragline passes are shown above.
Remove Pass: This icon will remove the currently selected dragline pass.
Add Strata: This icon will add a new strata to the current dragline pass.
Remove Strata: This icon will remove the currently selected strata. 
Move Up: This icon will move the currently selected strata up in the list.
Move Down: This icon will move the currently selected strata down in the list.

Output

The output window will output the results of each step of the dragline sequence. Steps will be added and removed automatically.


Additional Commands

This section of the help document discusses the additional commands on the dialog, shown below.



Draw: This buttton will draw the dragline sequence in CAD. No dimensions will be labeled; only strata. Each step of the sequence will be drawn separately, with the first step shown at the bottom.

Report: This button will create a multi-page PDF document where each step in the section will be on a separate page. The last page of the report will show all steps, as shown below.


Profile: This button will save a profile (.pro file type) of the final step of the dragline sequence.

Sequence: This button will save the dragline sequence (.seq file type). This file can be used to extrude the dragline steps across a centerline via the Process Dragline Sequence command (Surface Mining Module > Surface Pulldown Menu).


Pulldown Menu Location: Surface
Keyboard Command: ranged
Prerequisite: dragline equipment defined