This program reads or creates a raw data (.RW5) file that contains various lines of data (records) that could be likened to a surveyor's field book. You can specify point coordinates, job information, notes, and the angles and distances that make up traverse or sideshots records. Once the raw data is created or read it can be processed/reduced to coordinates that are stored in the current coordinate (.crd; .cgc; .mdb; .zak) file.
The raw file can also be created or appended using the Locate Point, Traverse, Sideshot, and Inverse commands on the COGO menu. To store the data inputs from these commands into a raw file, first toggle on the Raw File ON/OFF command on the COGO menu. It is possible to always have the raw data file open to store data inputs. To enable this option, choose Configure from the Settings menu, then choose Survey Module, then choose General Settings. Turn on the Automatic Raw File toggle in this dialog.
The raw files created by TDS data collector programs are also compatible without conversion. The command Data Collectors on the Tools menu has options for reading other data collectors native file formats and converting them to raw data (.RW5) format. Within the raw data editor, the File menu includes an import menu for converting raw data from other formats.
When you select the Edit-Process Raw Data File command you are prompted to specify the name of the raw data (.RW5) file. The current coordinate file is used automatically. To change the current coordinate file, use the Set Coordinate File command in the Points menu before starting this command. If no coordinate file is current, the program will prompt you to set the current coordinate (.CRD) file.
Edit-Process Raw Data File uses a spreadsheet for editing
the raw data as shown. Each row of the spreadsheet is represented
by a number located at the far left side of the editor. Various
messages and reports often reference possible problems with the
data by this row number. Each row of the spreadsheet represents one
record of data. There are 14 types of data records. The type of
data record is shown in the first column. Different record types
use different numbers of columns. Whenever the data record type
changes between rows, a record header is added to the spreadsheet
that describes each column of data in the following row. To edit
the raw data, simply highlight the cell and type in the new value.
To change the type of record, pick on the down arrow in the first
column and choose a new data type from the list. To delete a row,
highlight any cell in the row and hit the Delete key or choose
Delete Row from the Edit menu. Records can be added pressing the
Insert key, pressing the down arrow key from the last line in the
spreadsheet, or by choosing one of the add records from the Add
menu.
TR (Traverse)
The traverse record contains the occupied point number, foresight
point number, angle mode, horizontal angle, distance, vertical
angle and description. When processed, this record will calculate
and store the coordinates for the foresight point. Traversing also
moves the setup by making the traverse foresight point the next
occupied point and the traverse occupied point becomes the next
backsight point. The different angle codes are NE for northeast
bearing, SE for southeast, SW for southwest, NW for northwest, AZ
for azimuth, AL for angle left, AR for angle right, DL for
deflection angle left and DR for deflection angle right. To set the
angle code, pick on the Code down arrow and choose from the list.
The horizontal and vertical angles should be entered as dd.mmss.
For example, 45.2305 is 45 degrees, 23 minutes and 5 seconds. The
vertical angle can be shown as vertical angle (0 degrees level),
zenith angle (90 degrees level) or elevation difference. The
vertical angle mode is set in the Display menu. The distance mode
is also set in the Display menu as either slope or horizontal
distance. The description field is used as the foresight point
description.
SS (SideShot)
The sideshot record is the same as the traverse record except that
sideshot does not move the setup.
HI (Instrument and Rod Height)
This record sets the instrument and rod heights used in elevation
calculations. This record should precede any traverse and sideshot
records that you want the heights applied to.
BK (BackSight)
The backsight record contains the occupied point number, backsight
point number, backsight azimuth and the set azimuth. This record
should precede any traverse and sideshot records that use this
setup. If no backsight point is entered, the program uses the
backsight azimuth to turn angles from. The Set Azimuth is the
circle reading of the instrument when sighting the backsight. A Set
Azimuth of zero is the default.
PT (Store Point)
The store point record consists of a point number, northing,
easting, elevation and description. When processing, this data will
be stored as a point in the coordinate file. If the first Occupied
point and/or the initial Backsight point are not defined in the
coordinate file set for processing to, both points will need to be
added to the rw5 file as PT (Store Point) records.
DS (Description)
The description record is an additional note that appears in the
spreadsheet editor and printouts. This record can contain various
information that is recorded in data collectors during field
operations. This data can vary from user, temperature and general
data to each line of data associated with "Set Collection". When
"Sets" of data collected using various brands of data collection
software is converted/imported into the raw editor, the actual
measurements made during the spinning of the angles and distances
are recorded as DS records and the mean value of the angle and
distance is recorded as a SS record. DS records are not used in
processing except for description records containing the offset
code OF. The OF codes are recorded by SurvCE for offset left/right,
in/out and depth. These offset amounts are applied to the points
when the program processes the raw data. SurvCE also stores names
of images in the description record using AT,TN coding followed by
the name of the image file. The program will create links to these
images for the points. For example,
--AT,TNPHOTO1,TV.\Pictures\PN1_2208.jpg
CL (Closing Shot)
The closing shot record is the traverse record where the foresight
point is the closing point for the traverse. This record is used by
the adjustment commands in the Process menu. There should be only
one CL record in each Traverse loop (Name Record) in the raw file.
If there is no CL record, the process adjustment routines will
prompt for which shot is the closing shot. The closing shot can
also be define in the field by using special codes defined in the
Open Settings found under the File pulldown within the editor.
Please refer to the "Open Settings" documentation below for more
information on these codes.
AB (Angle Balance)
The Angle Balance record is the measurement data observed that
closes the angles of the traverse. Typically this record is the
measurement data recorded from the closing shot to the initial
backsight point. The backsight could be either external or internal
to the traverse. Angle Balance routine in the Process menu uses
this record and compares the angle between the occupied point and
foresight point of this record with a user-specified reference
angle. There should be only one AB record in the raw file. If there
is no AB record, then the Angle Balance routine will prompt for
which shot to use as the angle balance.
CL + AB (Closing Shot and Angle Balance)
This record is used as both the closing shot and angle balance
records.
FD (Foresight Direct)
The foresight direct is a traverse record used in a direct and
reverse set. When the program finds one the of direct-reverse
measurement records, it will look for the other three records to
complete the set.
FR (Foresight Reverse)
The foresight reverse is a traverse record used in a direct and
reverse set.
BD (Backsight Direct)
The backsight direct is a traverse record used in a direct and
reverse set.
BR (Backsight Reverse)
The backsight reverse is a traverse record used in a direct and
reverse set.
EL
(Elevation Only)
This record sets the elevation in the CRD file for the specified
point number. Often used when an existing point with good vertical
control is being traversed through. Using this record type for the
point would keep the elevation from changing on the existing point
regardless of the measurement data.
AZ
(Azimuth Only)
Applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least Squares analysis and
adjustment routine.
CSE
(Control Standard Error)
Applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least Squares analysis and
adjustment routine.
SSE
(Set-up Standard Error)
Applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least Squares analysis and
adjustment routine.
MSE
(Measurement Standard Error)
Applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least Squares analysis and
adjustment routine.
NAME (Traverse Name)
This record acts as an identifier for the group of records that
make up a traverse. All the records after the NAME record belong to
that traverse up to the next NAME record or the end of the file.
This record allows you to have multiple traverses in one raw file.
When running one of the Process commands, the program will bring up
a list of all the traverse names. Simply choose which traverse to
process. If you have only one traverse in the raw file, then you
don't need the NAME record.
GPS
This record contains the Latitude and Longitude of a point as
measured by GPS surveying equipment using Carlson SurvCE data
collection software. This record has additional information tied to
it such as localization files, geoid files, coordinate projection
systems etc. This record has its own processing routine in the
Process pulldown within the editor. Processing procedures are
discussed in the Process (Compute Pts) pulldown
documentation.
Open RW5 File
This
command prompts for a rw5 file to load into the editor.
New RW5 File
This command clears the editor
spreadsheet.
Save RW5 File
This saves the rw5 file. If the file hasn't been named you will be
prompted for the file name and the location to save the file. After
you perform the first save, this command acts as a quick save and
saves the file to the name and location specified during the
initial saving of the file.
Save RW5 As
This command saves the raw editor
data in the spreadsheet to a rw5 file and always prompts for file
name and location to save.
Open CRD File
This command prompts for an
existing coordinate file to set as the active coordinate file for
the raw editor.
New CRD File
This command prompts for a new
coordinate file to set as the active coordinate file for the raw
editor. The coordinate data will be initialized as empty.
Save CRD File
This command saves the current coordinate data in the raw editor to
the current coordinate file.
Save CRD As
This command saves the current
coordinate data to a specified coordinate file name.
Report/Print
There are three types of reports: Raw Data, Coordinates and
Summary. A sample of the raw data report is shown below. This
report shows the data from the raw editor spreadsheet. The
Coordinates report lists the point data (point number, northing,
easting, elevation, description) from the current coordinate file.
The summary report groups the traverse, sideshot and store point
numbers along with a list of the setups and the shots from each
setup. The summary report also groups the range of point numbers by
date using the dates in the note records.
Raw File> c:\data\survey.rw5
CRD File> c:\data\survey.crd
Note
Survey Example
PntNo Northing Easting Elevation Desc
1 5000 5000 100 START
OcPt BsPt SetAzi
1
InstHgt RodHgt
5.32 6.0
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
TR 1 2 AR 268.5330 711.420 89.4050 P2
InstHgt RodHgt
5.43 6.0
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
TR 2 3 AR 262.5448 457.760 89.3236 P3
InstHgt RodHgt
5.4 6.0
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
TR 3 4 AR 208.5710 201.310 89.1803 P4
TR 4 5 AR 247.1657 497.120 88.5235 P5
TR 5 6 AR 277.4835 223.980 90.2926 P6
TR 6 7 AR 92.4113 233.880 90.2746 P7
InstHgt RodHgt
5.42 6.0
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
TR 7 8 AR 261.2756 387.250 91.4405 CLOSE
SS 7 19 AR 289.3456 112.450 91.3423 SS1
Report/Print Settings
This dialog has settings
for the report functions. The Use Distance Scaler allows for
reporting distances in different units. For example, the survey
distances could be in US Feet and then use a scale factor to report
the distances in chains. For Report Format, the Report Formatter
option allows for customized reports and exporting to Excel. The
Spreadsheet Report option creates a report using the spreadsheet
layout including the spreadsheet colors. The spreadsheet report
goes directly to the specified printer.
C&G (.CGR;.RAW;.TXT;*)
CalTrans (.DMP)
Carlson (.RW5)
EFB (.RAW;.OBS) Electronic Field
Book
Fieldbook (.FBK): From Softdesk, Land
Development Desktop or Civil 3D. The import handles the following
record types:
AD
AZ / AZM / AZIMUTH
B / BRG / BEARING
BEG / BEGIN
BS / BACKSITE / BACKSIGHT
C3
END
F1
FC1
NE / NEZ
PRISM
STN / STA / STATION
ZD
Geodimeter (.OBS; .RAW; job;*)
Horizon (.RAW)
LandXML (.XML): LandXML is the
industry standard data format for exchanging project data. It can
contain any number of different data types including surfaces
besides raw measurements.
Leica (.GSI; .RAW; GRE): This reads the Leica raw file in
Wildsoft, Liscad, 10-20-30-40, C&G, or GeoComp format. There
are options to specify direct-reverse shot order if any and to
convert from International Feet to Leica US Feet.
Maptech (.FLD)
MDL Laser (.CDS)
Nikon (.TRN; .RAW)
PC Cogo (.BAT)
SDMS (.prj;*)
SMI (.RAW)
Sokkia SDR (.SDR; .RAW;*)
StarNET (.DAT) The import handles the following StarNET record
types: E – Elevation record
C – Coordinate record
B – Bearing / Azimuth record
M – Measurement record
SS – SideShot record
TB – Begin Traverse record
T – Traverse record
TE – End Traverse record
DV – 3D Distance Record (creates a slope distance/zenith angle
record)
D – 2D Distance Record (creates a horizontal distance)
A – Horizontal Angle Record (creates an angle-only record)
V – Zenith Angle record (creates a zenith angle-only record)
Export
These routines convert the Carlson raw data (.RW5) file to other
formats. The following file formats are supported.
CalTrans (DMP)
dgDialog (.DGD)
Fieldbook (.FBK): This export routine provides an option to
"Setup Fieldbook Codes". This allows the user to substitute the raw
description contained in the rw5 file with the fieldbook code used
in AutoDesk Land Desktop or Civil 3D.
FL DOT (.OBS)
GPS Data
(.TXT;*)
LandXML (.XML)
Leica (.GSI)
MOSS (.MOS)
RMGeo (.txt)
SDMS (.PRJ) This export routine provides an option to "Setup
SDMS Codes". This allows the user to substitute the raw description
contained in the rw5 file with the SDMS codes used in SDMS
program.
SFN: This format is used in the Netherlands.
Sokkia (.SDR)
TDS (RW5;RAW)
Topobase (PO)
Trimble (JXL): JobXML format.
VA Dot (TOP)
WinCMM (.LSA)
Open/Save
Settings
This option allows for defining codes that
represent the closing shot and angle balance shot of a traverse.
These codes can be entered in the description of a point while in
the field. When the rw5 is opened in the raw file editor, the
measurement data containing the closing shot code will be set to a
CL record and the measurement data containing the angle balance
code will be set to an AB record. This allows for quick processing
of the survey data and saves the time spent setting up the file for
processing.
Exit
Exits the raw file editor.
Undo:This
command undoes the last data entry or the last copy, cut or delete
command performed on keyboard entered data only. This will not undo
a change to the Type or Code columns, nor a cut or copy command to
a row.
Cut:Standard
windows cut command. Removes data from editor and places it in the
windows clipboard.
Copy:Standard
windows copy command. Copies selected data to windows
clipboard.
Delete: Deletes selected data or row of data. Will not
delete headers if data is present below the header.
Find: Tool to search and find a particular word, letter, numeric value or a combination of all. Provides options to Match whole word only and/or case. Allows for a up or down directional search from the active cell in the editor. The Point Number Search allows you to search for occupy or foresight point numbers.
Replace: Tool to search and replace a particular word,
letter, numeric value of a combination of all. Options to Match
whole word only and /or case is provided for the search criteria.
Provides further options to Replace individual items one at a time
or to Replace All. The Point Number Search allows you to replace
only point numbers.
Go
To: Tool to advance the focus of the active cell to a
specified line number.
Delete
Row: This command deletes the row containing the active
cursor or cell. You can delete a row by placing the cursor in any
of the cells in the row that you wish to delete, or by picking on
the row number at the far left of the editor.
Scale Values: This function scales values
which can be used to convert data between feet and meters. Besides
feet and meters scaling, you can also enter a custom scale factor.
There are controls for which types of data values to scale. Also,
there are filters to scale within a point number range or line
number range.
Modify Measurements: This option allows for a change in
distance, horizontal angle, vertical angle or lat/lon by a
specified amount for the entire file or for a specified point
number or line number range.. To modify a measurement, choose which
field to modify, enter the change in either distance or angle in
dd.mmss format. The Distance Factor method multiplies the distances
by the specified value which can be used to convert distance units
between feet and meters or to apply a scale factor. The Lat/Lon/Z
Delta can be used to adjust GPS records in case of a shift due to
adjusting the base position. Next choose how to apply the
modification. If all is selected, the change will be applied to all
records in the specified field. If By Point Number is chosen, enter
the point number or range of numbers in the Range of Points field.
If by Line Number is chosen, then define the area for the change by
specifying the Starting and Ending line.
Convert Points To Notes Records: This function converts
point (PT) records to note (DS) records. This leaves the
information of the point coordinates in the rw5 file as display
only and without having the point coordinates stored to the
coordinate file when the file is processed. The point data in the
DS records can be converted back to PT records by picking the Code
field in the spreadsheet and switching DS to PT.
Edit Coordinate File: This option allows for editing
and/or listing of the coordinate data in the active coordinate
file. The active coordinate file is displayed in the Header of the
raw data editor. This routine brings up the edit point dialog and
allows editing of the points one at a time.
Display Menu
Angles:This
option chooses the angle format between degrees/minutes/seconds
(dd.mmss) and Gons-400 decimal degree circle (dd.dddd). This
setting applies to the angles in the spreadsheet editor as well as
the angle format for reports. There is also a separate setting to
Show Decimal Seconds which use edit and process angles to the
nearest tenth of a second (dd.mmsss).
Vertical:The options contained in this menu allow for specifying the type of vertical measurement information you will input or is contained in the rw5 file. The Vertical Angle selection assumes the barrel or scope of the instrument is level when reading 0 (zero). With this setting, the vertical component of a measurement record will have a header of VertAng. The Zenith Angle selection, most commonly used, assumes the barrel/scope to be level when reading 90. Using this setting results in a header of ZenithAng. Elevation difference displays the elevation difference between the occupied and foresight points. If the Distance option is specified as Slope, this elevation difference will be used to calculate the horizontal distance of the measurement. The header for this record is ElevDiff. The None selection assumes all distances are horizontal distances and removes the vertical component for a measurement from the editor. Switching modes can be performed at any time.
Graphics>On: Turns the graphics window on.
Graphics>Off: Turns the graphics window off.
Graphics>Show Sideshots: Controls the display of the sideshot data in the graphics window. Figure 1 shows the graphics window with sideshots on. Figure 1A shows the graphics window with sideshots off.
Figure 1 Sideshots On |
Figure 1A Sideshots Off |
Graphics>Zoom Mode: Within the graphics window, real time zoom is available. To zoom in press and hold the left mouse button and drag in the direction of the + symbol. To zoom out, press and hold the left button and drag in the direction of the - symbol.
Graphics>Pan Mode: Real time pan is available within the graphics window. To pan, set the graphics window to pan mode, then press and hold the left mouse button and then drag to desired position.
Graphics>Resize Text: With the this option on the text becomes smaller/larger in the view when you zoom in/out.
Graphics>Fixed Text Size: With this option on, the text stays a fixed size while zooming in and out.
Spreadsheet Colors: This option allows for the assignment of colors to record types. To change/define the color for a particular record, select Spreadsheet Colors from the Display pulldown within the raw editor. From the Color Settings dialog select the record to edit by clicking on the select button next to the desired record.
The color slide beside the select button shows the current setting for the record. After selecting the record, the Select Color dialog box will be display. Select the Set button next to the desired color for the record.
Display>Hide Row: This option allows for hiding single or multiple rows. This could be used to prevent crucial information from being accidentally altered during editing of data or data entry. Hiding a record does not exclude it from processing. To hide a record click on the row number at the far left of the editor. The entire row of data will highlight, now select the Hide Row option. Multiple rows or data can be selected by selecting the first row of data to hide then while holding down the shift key on the keyboard, select the last row to hide. All rows in between these two selections will be highlighted, now select Hide Row. When a row or rows of data are hidden, the row numbers will reflect the hidden rows. For example, Figure 2 below shows a multiple selection of rows 10-17 to hide. Figure 2A shows the editor with the rows hidden. Notice that the row numbers indicate hidden rows by showing a gap from rows 9-18.
Figure 2 |
Figure 2A |
Show Row:This option shows rows that have been hidden. To show hidden rows, the row above the first hidden row and the row below the last hidden row must be selected by using the shift key selection method described in Hide Row above. After selecting the appropriate rows, select the Show Row option. Figure 2B shows the selection of rows 9 & 18 in order to show the hidden rows 10-17. Figure 2C shows the editor after the Show Row option has been selected.
Figure 2B |
Figure 2C |
Hide By Point Numbers: This function prompts for a range of
point numbers and then isolates records containing those point
numbers by hiding all other records. This feature is useful to
focus on certain point numbers in a large file.
Hide Selected Rows: This function hides the rows that are
currently highlighted. To highlight multiple rows, pick in a cell
with the mouse and then hold the Shift key while picking a cell on
another row.
Show Selected Rows: This function unhides rows previously
hidden by the Hide Selected Rows function.
Show All Rows: This function unhides rows previously hidden
by the Hide Selected Rows or Hide By Point Numbers functions.
Hide Description
Records:This option controls the visibility of the
Description records contained in a rw5 file. The description record
is an additional note used to store useful information in addition
to typical point data. Sometimes these records clutter the raw file
and make it hard to review actual survey data. The ability to
control the description record visibility is a useful tool when
reviewing survey data.
Show Sideshot Records: This option shows (unhides) sideshot
records contained in the rw5 file.
Hide Sideshot Records:This option hides the sideshot
records contained in a rw5 file to make it easier to see the
traverse records.
Show Description Records: This option shows (unhides)
description records contained in the rw5 file.
Hide Record Headers: This option hides the in-line headers
such as the PntNo, OcPt, FsPt, etc. The editor contains "Smart
Headers" that changes with the type of data that is in the active
row. These headers are not in-line and are always displayed at the
top of the editor. Figure 2D shows the editor with the record
headers hidden and the Smart Header active. Row #21 contains the
active cell, the automatic header at the top of the editor shows
traverse (TR) record headers.
Track Changes: This option tracks any changes in the
spreadsheet such as changing a rod height. The original values are
automatically recorded in a Description record in the spreadsheet
next to the edited row.
Figure 2D |
SideShot: Adds a sideshot record (SS) to the spreadsheet
editor. The new record will be insert above the row that contains
the active cell unless this row is the last row in the file. If so,
you will be prompted to insert above or below the current
row.
Backsight: Adds a backsight (BK) to the spreadsheet editor.
The new record will be insert above the row that contains the
active cell unless this row is the last row in the file. If so, you
will be prompted to insert above or below the current row.
Instrument Height: Adds an instrument height (HI) record to
the editor. This record contains both the instrument and rod height
setting.
Point: Adds a point (PT) record to the editor. Provides
options to either add a Blank Point Record or Import From
Coordinate File.
All the parameters are entered into one spreadsheet cell next to
the COGO function. The parameters use space separators. The
following list is the parameter definitions:
Range: point numbers
Dx: delta easting (X)
Dy: delta northing (Y)
Dz: delta elevation (Z)
Process_Zero_Z: toggle for whether to process points with elevation
of zero (0=No, 1=Yes)
Angle: rotation angle in dd.mmss format
Base_Y: base point northing
Base_X: base point easting
Scale: scale factor
Use_Z: toggle for whether to scale the elevations (0=No, 1=Yes)
From1: point number of first source point
To1: point number of first destination point
From2: point number of second source point
To2: point number of second destination point
For example, to translate points 1-10 by a delta Z of 6.0 while
filtering out zero elevation points, set the parameters for the
COGO Translate record as "1-10 0 0 6.0 0".
Elevation: Adds an elevation (EL) record to the editor. The new record will be insert above the row that contains the active cell unless this row is the last row in the file. If so, you will be prompted to insert above or below the current row.
Note: Adds a note (DS) record to the editor. Note records
are for information display and do not affect processing except for
two special notes which are:
Elevation: 2D
Elevation: 3D
These special notes set the elevation mode for processing for the
records that follow the note. The raw editor starts in 3D mode. The
"Elevation: 2D" note will switch processing to 2D mode and the
"Elevation: 3D" note will switch the mode back to 3D. In 2D mode,
the processing will not set the elevations in the coordinate
file.
Data On/Off: Adds a data on/off (DO) record to the editor.
This record toggles the raw data between processing on and off
modes. The raw data starts in processing on mode. Working from top
to down, when a DO record is reached, the processing mode is turned
off. Then next DO record will turn processing back on, and so on.
Data records that are in processing off mode and skipped when
running the routines in the Process menu.
Traverse Name: Adds a traverse name (Name) to the editor. The new record will be insert above the row that contains the active cell unless this row is the last row in the file. If so, you will be prompted to insert above or below the current row.
GPS: Adds a GPS record to the editor. The new record will be
insert above the row that contains the active cell unless this row
is the last row in the file. If so, you will be prompted to insert
above or below the current row.
Reference Azimuth: Applies to SurvNET, the optional Network
Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.
Control Standard Error: Applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.
Setup Standard Error: Applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.
Measurement Standard Error: Applies to SurvNET, the optional Network Least Squares analysis and adjustment routine.
Process (Compute Pts) Menu
This menu contains tools to process raw data by various methods.
The calculated coordinates, and notes if specified, are stored to
the active specified coordinate file. The coordinate file can be
specified using Set Coordinate
File, under the Points pulldown within the drawing screen,
or from the Tools menu of the editor, discussed later in this
section. The options for processing are specified within either the
Process Options dialog box or the Closure Options dialog box,
depending upon . This dialog box is displayed before processing
data, using any of the available methods, with the exception being
the Least Squares method.
Multiple Measurements To Same
Point: This option sets the method of how to handle multiple
measurements to the same point. There are three available options,
Use Last, Average or Use First. Use last uses the last measurement
to calculate the position of the point. Average uses the average of
all the measurements for the position calculation and Use Last
takes the last measurement to the point as the data to use.
Use Backsight
Reciprocals:This setting applies to backsight measurements
that are not part of a complete direct/reverse set. Backsight
measurements that are part of a direct/reverse set use the
direct/reverse settings under Process Settings to reduce the
measurements.
A foresight to point 15 from a setup on 14, followed by a
backsight from 15 to 14, makes a pair of "reciprocal" measurements.
The backsight "reciprocal" measurement can be ignored for its
impact on recalculating the occupied point (None Option), or the
elevation of component of the reciprocal measurements can be
averaged (Average Elevation option), or both the elevation and
distance can be averaged (Average Elev & Dist) to recalculate
the setup (occupied point) coordinates.
Calculate Elevations:
This option determines whether the elevations of the points will be
calculated and written to the coordinate file. Options of whether
to calculate All elevations or just the Sideshots Only are
provided.
Direct-Reverse Vertical Angles: Specify whether to balance all or process the direct-reverse shots and use only the foresight direct shot.
Report Angle Format: Specifies the angle format for the report. The By File option makes the report use the angle format in the raw data (.RW5) file.
Calculate Elevations: This option controls which point elevations will be calculated. For example, if the traverse point elevations have already been adjusted and you need to recalculate the sideshot elevations, then use the SideShots Only option.
Report SideShots: Specify whether to include the sideshot data in the process results report.
Point Protect: This option will check the coordinate
(.CRD) file for existing point data before processing. If the
foresight point number for any traverse or sideshot record already
is a stored coordinate in the coordinate (.CRD) file, then the
program shows a list of conflicting point numbers. You can either
continue processing and overwrite the coordinate (.CRD) file
coordinates with the calculated raw file coordinates or cancel the
processing to go back to the editor to change foresight
numbers.
Create Point Notes: This
option will generate a note (.NOT) file named after the coordinate
file. The note file contains additional descriptions for points.
With this option active, the text from all note records (DS
records) will be stored to the note file for the foresight point
number preceding the note records. When this option is active, the
Note Setup button brings up a dialog to set a Wildcard Match which
filters the notes in the raw file and only stores the notes that
match to the note file. The Prefix To Remove option removes the
specified string from the start of the note in the raw file when
storing to the note file.
Calculate Grid Scale Factor at Each Setup: This option
will calculate a scale factor for each TR and SS record. This scale
factor is calculated as the average of the scale factors at the
occupied and foresights points. At these points the scale factor is
calculated as the projection grid factor multiplied by the
elevation factor which is the earth radius divided by the elevation
plus the earth radius [SF = Grid Factor * (Earth Radius /
(Elevation + Earth Radius))]. In order to calculate these
projection grid factors, the traverse coordinates must be in grid
coordinates. When this option is selected, the program will prompt
for the projection and zone to use. The elevation for the scale
factor can be adjusted by the geoid height using the geoid
specified in the Geoid To
Apply list. The geoid height is added to the point elevation
to adjust the elevation value used in the scale factor equation.
The geoid surface files are not installed by default due to the
large size of these files. To install the geoids to use with this
option, go to the Carlson Software webpage and download the Geoid
Grid Files from the Support->Downloads section.
Report Each State Plane
Scale: This option becomes available if the Calculate State
Plane Factor at Each Setup has been selected. With this option on,
the scale factor at each point will be shown in the process results
report.
Scale Factor: This value is multiplied by the horizontal
distance for the traverse and sideshot records. This factor can be
use to transform from ground to grid coordinates. This factor does
not affect elevations.
Correct for Earth Curvature: This option adjusts the
calculated points for the effect of the Earth's curvature.
Typically this adjustment is small and adjusts the elevation more
than the horizontal.
Report Angle Format: This option controls
the angle format displayed on the process result report. The option
of By Raw File will display
the angles in the format that is contained in the raw file. The
Bearing option will display
the angle in a bearing format. The Azimuth option will display the azimuth
of the measurement and the Angle
Right option will display the angle right measurement of the
observation.
Decimal Places for
Report: This option controls the number of decimal places
for the reported data.
Report Closure: This
option determines whether the closure report will be displayed
after processing. If processing a topo survey where the traverse
has not been closed, then turn this toggle off for quick
processing..
Report Sideshots:
Controls whether the sideshot data is shown on the process
report.
Reference Closing Point: This is an optional field for
entering the coordinates to compare the ending traverse point with.
This reference closing point is used to calculate the closure.
Without using this option the program will by default use the
starting coordinate as the reference closing point.
Report Output: There are
three report output options contained in the raw editor, the
Standard
Report Viewer, the Custom Report
Formatter and the Tabular Report
Viewer. Each is documented below.
The Standard Report
Viewer is the default report viewer throughout the program.
Any routine that generates a report has this option and the data
contained in the report depends upon the routine executed. The
report viewer is also a text editor. It allows for addition and
deletion of text in order to customize the report for printing or
for saving to a particular format for a file. Options to print,
send to the screen in the drawing window as text or save to a file
are available.
The Custom
Report Formatter allows for customization of the process
results by selecting the fields and the layout of the fields to
display. The settings can be saved to a format name and recalled
when needed. Options to Delete, Export and Import saved Formats are
also available.
To create a report, select data from the Available list and then
select the Add button. This will populate the Used field with the
selected data. Standard window selection methods can be used when
selecting the data to report. Holding the ctrl key while selecting
data allows for making random selections. Holding the shift key
while selecting data will select the first item picked, last item
picked and all items between.
The Tabular
Report Viewer displays a report viewer consisting of tabs.
Each tab organizes and displays different data depending upon the
process option chosen. The process results using the No Adjust
method results in three tabs the Report Header, Unadjusted Data and
the Store Points tabs. Each of these tabs display different
information which corresponds to the tab title. Using an adjustment
method results in five tabs. In addition to the three listed above,
an Angle Balance and Compass Closure tab is added. From the Tabular
Report Viewer, the Standard Report Viewer can be switched to by
pressing the Report option at the bottom of the dialog. This is
useful when wanting to combine all tabs into one report for
printing or saving to a file. An example of a Tabular Report for a
compass rule adjustment is shown below.
Processing
Methods
No Adjust: No Adjust means that no angle balance or traverse adjustment will be applied. Options are specified in the Process Options dialog. After picking OK for the process options dialog, a Traverse Points dialog appears for entering the starting and ending point numbers.
The program reads the raw file to set the defaults for these point numbers which are used to calculate the closure. The difference between the ending point and the reference closing point is the closure error and the sum of the traverse distances from the starting to the ending point is used as the total distance traversed. After picking OK for the second dialog, the program starts processing the raw file from the top record down. The result is displayed in the Standard Report Viewer which can save, print or draw the report.
The angle balance report shows the unadjusted points, the unadjusted closure, the angular error, the adjusted points and then the adjusted closure. Typically but not always, applying the angle balance correction will improve the traverse closure.
Compass, Crandall, Transit: These process methods apply the selected rule to the traverse lines when calculating the coordinates. After adjusting the traverse, the sideshots are also recalculated. The closure error is calculated as the difference between the closing shot and a reference point. The closing shot is specified as a type CL or CL+AB record in the raw file. If no CL record is found in the raw file, then the program will prompt for which traverse shot to use as the closing shot. The foresight point is used as the closing coordinate. The reference point can be specified by point number or by entering the northing, easting and elevation. The process results report shows the unadjusted points, closure error, adjustments to each traverse point and adjusted point.
Prepare
Least Squares Data: From the raw file data, this routine
makes initial calculations for the coordinate points in the
traverse.
All angle readings must be in angle right mode.
The coordinates of the starting and the ending points must be known.
The routine begins with a dialog for specifying the reference closing coordinates and any scale factors to apply to the distance measurements. The Reference Closing Point is the last point in the traverse, whose coordinates must be known. If an angle balance shot is used in the traverse, the Reference Angle Balance Angle must also be specified, either as a value or as the angle between known points.
Since angles and distances have errors of different magnitudes, they are normalized using weights, based on the accuracy and confidence with which these quantities have been measured. There is a dialog for specifying the estimated measurement errors. The Reading Error is the horizontal angular error in the instrument. For example, for a "5-second" instrument this error would be 5. The Pointing Error accounts for several factors in the horizontal angle reading including accuracy lining up the crosshairs on the target, the target size and the optical quality of the instrument. The Target and Instrument Centering Errors are the distance off the point due to faulty centering. The EDM Constant Error is the accuracy of the instrument distance measurements. The EDM Scaler Error is entered in parts per million for the increased error in longer measurements. These settings can be saved and loaded as a way to store settings for different equipment.
The program will calculate the weights for each distance and
angle measurement using these measurement errors. The control
points, points to adjust, distance and angle measurements with
weights are reported. You can edit these measurements and weights
using the Edit Least-Squares Data routine or go directly to the
Process Least-Squares Data routine.
Edit Least Squares Data: This routine edits the points, measurements and weights stored in the .LSQ file associated with the current RW5 file. The editor works through the dialog shown. You can edit, add or remove the control points, adjust points, angle measurements or distance measurements. The program does not check that the editing is valid. So you need to make sure that your changes keep a good set of least-squares data (i.e. don't delete a needed control point). The Distance Error button allows you to set the distance standard error weights for all the distance measurements to the same value. Likewise the Angle Error button sets the standard error weights for all the angle measurements.
Control Points
Point# Northing Easting
1 5000.000 5000.000
8 5000.000 5000.000
Distance Observations
Occupy FSight Distance StdErr
1 2 711.409 0.018
2 3 457.745 0.017
3 4 201.295 0.017
4 5 497.024 0.018
5 6 223.972 0.017
6 7 233.872 0.017
7 8 387.073 0.017
Angle Observations
BSight Occupy FSight Angle StdErr
7 1 2 268d53'30" 7.617"
1 2 3 262d54'48" 6.869"
2 3 4 208d57'10" 15.194"
3 4 5 247d16'57" 14.222"
4 5 6 277d48'35" 12.262"
5 6 7 92d41'13" 15.818"
6 7 8 261d27'56" 12.991"
7 1 S 01d59'18" E 0.001"
Process Least Squares Data
This routine applies a least-squares adjustment to the data stored
in the .LSQ associated with the current raw data (.RW5) file. The
closing errors are distributed among the other points, using the
"Method of Least Squares" (Ref : Wolf, P.R. and Ghilani, C.D.,
1996, "Adjustment Computations", John Wiley and Sons, NY,Third
Edition). After the adjustment, the rest of the raw file is
processed to recalculate the sideshots. There is an option to draw
standard error ellipses around the adjusted points. The ellipse
axes are multiplied by Ellipse Scale Factor to make the ellipse
larger for easier viewing.
The least-squares process report shows the input data and the
results. For each point, the amount adjusted and the standard error
in X and Y are reported. The Reference Standard Deviation is based
on the sum of the residuals and the initial estimated standard
errors. The Chi-Squares test is a goodness-of-fit test that checks
the reference standard deviation with the least-squares model. If
this test fails, there may be a blunder in the measurement data or
the initial estimated standard errors were too low or too
high.
Stadia Processing Method: Provides functionality to process Stadia surveying notes. Stadia sighting depends on two horizontal cross-hairs, known as stadia hairs, within the telescope. These hairs are parallel to the horizontal cross-hair and are equally spaced above and below it. The distance between the two stadia hairs is known as the intercept. The distance from the instrument to the rod is 100 times the intercept. For example, an intercept of 3.10 would represent a distance of 310 (3.10 X 100). For entering in stadia notes, you would enter the horizontal angle, the distance (entered as the intercept X 100) and the vertical angle.
GPS: The process GPS
routine allows for reduction of GPS records that reside in a raw
(*.RW5) file from latitude, longitude and WGS84 Ellipsoid Height to
State Plane or local coordinates. When a DZ (Depth) record follows
a GPS record, the depth value is used to adjust the GPS point
elevation. When a GSAL record follows a GPS record, the position is
adjusted by the record delta tilt values for the rod tilt.
The Process GPS settings dialog is shown below.
GPS>Projection
Type:
Defines the datum coordinate system to be used for converting the
latitude, Longitude and WGS84 Ellipsoid height collected from the
GPS receiver into Cartesian coordinates. The supported projection
types are State Plane 83, State Plane 27, UTM, Lat/Long, Great
Britain-OSGB36, Australia, New Zealand-NZGD2000, New
Zealand-NZGD49, and France NTF-GR3DF97A. A User-Defined option is
also available for defining a user projection.
The supported geoids include: Geoid99 (USA), Geoid03 (USA),
EGM96 (World), GDA94 (Australia), CGG2000, HT 2.0, HT HT 1.01
(Canada) and )SGM02 (Britain). GeoUser-Defined projections are
supported. To define a new projection select the Define Projection
option. This will bring up the following dialog.
Enter a name for your system (e.g. PRVI for Puerto Rico/Virgin
Islands), then select a Projection type and enter the appropriate
parameters. Note that all latitude and longitude values are in
Degrees Minutes and Seconds (dd.mmss) and False Northing and False
Eastings are always presented in meters. Define a Datum shift by
selecting the Select Datum radial button. You may select a
predefined Ellipsoid or set your own parameters by typing in a new
ellipsoid name in the Ellipsoid field and entering values for a and
1/f. When you enter in a new Ellipsoid name, the Datum name field
will be blank. The values for Dx, Dy, Dz, Rx, Ry, and Rz and scale
are "to WGS84". If the values you have are "from WGS84", simply
reverse the sign of each value (positive becomes negative and vice
versa).
You may save your system to a "udp" file. To Load a user defined
coordinate system from a file, select the Load radial button. A
list of user defined systems will be displayed. Select the desired
system and press OK.
GPS>Zone: for State
Plane projections, you must select the correct state zone that you
are working in. For UTM, the Automatic Zone option will have the
program automatically user the program automatically use the
correct UTM zone for your location. Otherwise for UTM, you can
manually set a specific UTM zone. This manual option applies to
working on the border between zones and you want to force the
program to always use one of those zones.
GPS>Use Alignment File For
Localization: With this option toggle on, a prompt for the
Alignment File to Process will be displayed. This file is typically
created by SurvCE (Carlson's Data Collection System) using the
Localization routine or by Carlson Field Using the Align to Local
Coordinates routine. This file (*.DAT) contains the parameters to
transform the derived State Plane coordinates to the defined local
coordinates.
At the end of the process, the coordinates will be written to
the current coordinate (*.crd) file and a report will be presented
in the Carlson editor for saving or printing purposes.
GPS>Transformation:
The transformation in the align Local Coordinates command can
either be by plane similarity or rigid body methods. The difference
is that the rigid body method does a transformation with a
translation and rotation and without a scale The plane similarity
does a rotation, translation and scale. This option only applies
when two or more points are used in Align Local Coordinates or the
Localization routine in SurvCE.
GPS>One Point Alignment
Azimuth: This option applies to the rotation when using one
point in Align Local Coordinates or the Localization routine in
SurvCE. For this alignment method, the state plane coordinate is
translated to the local coordinate. Then the rotation can use
either the state plane grid or the geodetic as north. No scale is
applied in this transformation. The state plane and geodetic true
north diverge slightly in the east and west edges of the state
plane zone. This option allows you to choose which north to
use.
GPS>Two Point Alignment
Method: There are two option when using this method, Fit
& Rotate and Rotate Only. Fit & Rotate will use the second
point in the localization file for direction and scaling. The
Rotate Only option allows you to use the second point in the
localization file for direction but not for scaling. When using the
Rotate Only option, any scale factor entered in the Project Scale
Factor will be used.
GPS>Project Scale
Factor: For most applications, the Scale Factor should be
set to 1.0. The scale factor represents the “combined”
grid/elevation factor that reduces ground distances to grid. After
converting the LAT/LONG from the GPS records to state plane
coordinates and applying the coordinate alignment (Localization)
file, the Project Scale Factor is applied as the final adjustment
to the coordinates. This adjustment is used on the X, Y, and not
the Z. The Project Scale Factor is applied by dividing the distance
between the coordinate and a base point by the Project Scale
Factor. The coordinate is then set by starting from the base point
and moving in the direction to the coordinate for the adjusted
distance. The base point is the first point in the alignment
(Localization) file. If there are no points specified in the
alignment file, then 0,0 is used as the base point. If using an
alignment file (Localization File) this value will be automatically
calculated and displayed. Manual entry of a scale factor is also
permitted and is often used with the Two Point Alignment Method
when a scale factor is known.
GPS>Geoid to Apply: The supported geoids include: Geoid99 (USA), Geoid03 (USA), EGM96 (World), GDA94 (Australia), CGG2000, HT 2.0, HT HT 1.01 (Canada) and SGM02 (Britain).
This option will account for the geoid undulation in determining
the orthometric elevation of the measurement. The definition of the
geoid model as currently adopted by the national Geodetic survey is
the equipotential surface of the Earth's gravity field which best
fits, in a least squares sense, global mean sea level. Orthometric
elevation measurements are used in survey calculations. In order to
convert ellipsoid heights (He) as measured by GPS into orthometric
elevations (E0), you must provide for a correction between the
GPS-measured ellipsoid (reference ellipsoid) and a constant level
gravitational surface, the geoid. This corrections is the geoid
undulation (Ug). The formula is He=Eo + Ug.
Carlson applies the Geoid model by subtracting the Geoid
undulation from the GPS elevation. The resulting elevation is then
used and displayed. In practice, the Geoid model is most applicable
to two types of alignment scenarios. One of these types is when
setting up the base over a known point and having no alignment
control points. The other is when there is one alignment control
point. When using multiple alignment control points, the Geoid
model is not as important because Carlson can model the elevation
difference which can generally pick up the local Geoid
undulation.
GPS>Units:
Coordinates can be reduced into one of three available units,
Metric, US Feet or International Feet.
Process>Process
Settings: This option allows for the setting of user
preferences and tolerances to be used during processing and
generation of reports.
Multiple Measurement Settings: These options provide control
for managing how multiple measurements to the same point are
handled and reported.
Distance
Tolerance Horizontal and Vertical: Allows for user input of
desired tolerance values for multiple measurements. Exceeded
tolerances will be displayed on the process results report. With
the Report Residuals option ON, the residual values of the
measurements will be shown on the process results report.
The data to be averaged can be either the Distance Measurements or the
Coordinates.
Backsight Orientation
Settings: The Override Backsight Azimuth When Have
Backsight Coordinate File applies to BK records that have
both a backsight point number and backsight azimuth. When this
option is on and the backsight point is found in the coordinate
file, then the backsight orientation is set to the angle from the
occupy point to the backsight point. Otherwise the backsight
azimuth is used. The Use Multiple References option
will take multiple backsight measurements for an occupation and
computes a least squares orientation for the instrument. There is
also an option to compute and correct for the instrumental
collimation error from the available measurements if both direct
and reverse readings to one or more stations in the same set have
been recorded. The program uses the BD (backsight direct) and BR
(backsight reverse) records to identify the measurements to
process. You can backsight different targets. The targets do need
to have known coordinates either as points in the current
coordinate file or as SP records in the raw file. The measurements
can be complete with angles and distance, and they can be partial
with only angles or only distance. When this option is active, the
calculated backsight orientation will override the SetAzi field in
the BK (backsight) record for the setup. The process report will
include all the measurements used, the residuals and the resulting
backsight orientation. The least-squares routine will also
calculate the occupied station coordinate by resection if possible
from the measurements and the report includes this calculated
position along with the reference position and residuals. This
calculation of the occupy point is used only for a check for the
report and does not affect the occupy coordinate for processing.
Note that if the occupied station position is unknown, there must
be sufficient measurements to at least three known reference
stations to support the resection and orientation solution. Here is
an example of the raw data and the report.
Raw Data
PntNo Northing Easting Elevation Desc
71 4998.1900 5199.8200 125.0000 PK
22 4770.1200 5192.5000 90.0000 PK
2 4900.2700 5007.3100 75.0000 PK
53 5345.8600 4799.0400 150.0000 PK
1 5000.0000 5000.0000 100.0000 PK
InstHt RodHt
5.000 1.000
OcPt BsPt Azi SetAzi
1 0°00'00" 0°00'00"
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
BD 1 71 AR 0°31'09" 200.930 84°00'06" PK
InstHt RodHt
5.000 2.000
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
BD 1 22 AR 50°03'22" 300.120 92°29'02" PK
InstHt RodHt
5.000 3.000
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
BD 1 2 AR 85°48'25" 103.580 105°06'37" PK
InstHt RodHt
5.000 4.000
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
BD 1 53 AR 239°50'24" 403.000 83°01'04" PK
BR 1 53 AR 59°50'31" 403.001 276°58'56" PK
InstHt RodHt
5.000 3.000
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
BR 1 2 AR 265°48'38" 103.581 254°53'23" PK
InstHt RodHt
5.000 2.000
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
BR 1 22 AR 230°03'39" 300.121 267°30'58" PK
InstHt RodHt
5.000 1.000
OcPt FsPt HorzAngle SlopeDist ZenithAng Desc
BR 1 71 AR 180°31'16" 200.931 275°59'54" PK
Multiple Backsight Orientation
OcPt BsPt Azimuth SetAzi
1 00°00'00" 269°59'57"
Orientation Standard Deviation: 0.000
Instrument Height: 5.000
Occupy Point Northing Easting Elevation
Reference 5000.000 5000.000 100.000
Calculated 5000.000 4999.999 100.000
Delta 0.000 0.001 -0.000
Standard Dev 0.003 0.003 0.000
Target Points Northing Easting Elevation Rod Height
71 4998.190 5199.820 125.000 1.000
22 4770.120 5192.500 90.000 2.000
2 4900.270 5007.310 75.000 3.000
53 5345.860 4799.040 150.000 4.000
Measurement Hz Angle Residual Zenith Hz Dist Residual
71 0°31'09" -0°00'04" 84°00'06" 199.830 -0.001
22 50°03'22" 0°00'01" 92°29'02" 299.838 -0.003
2 85°48'25" -0°00'02" 105°06'37" 99.999 -0.002
53 239°50'24" 0°00'03" 83°01'04" 400.011 -0.006
53 59°50'31" -0°00'04" 276°58'56" 400.012 -0.007
2 265°48'38" -0°00'15" 254°53'23" 100.000 -0.003
22 230°03'39" -0°00'16" 267°30'58" 299.839 -0.004
71 180°31'16" -0°00'11" 275°59'54" 199.831 -0.002
Check Point Settings:
These options provide user controls for survey check points. With
Report Check
Points ON, any point coded as a check point in the raw data
file, will be reported. When selected the Check Point Code
and Distance Tolerance fields become active and allow for editing.
The Check
Point Code is a user specified code entered in during the
survey that tells the program to check the coordinates of a
particular point with the coordinates of another point. This code
is configurable by the user. An example of a point description
coded as a Check Point would be as such, "trav =8". This
description tells the program that the description of the point is
"trav" and to check the coordinates of the this point with that of
point #8. The Distance Tolerance
Horizontal and Vertical are user
specified tolerances for the check point. If either of these
tolerances is exceeded it will be reported on the process results
report.
Instrument/Rod Height
Ranges: These settings are used to check the instrument and
rod heights when the raw file is processed. The program will report
warnings if there are any heights that exceed the specified min/max
ranges.
Angle Only Measurements:
The Combine Elevations
Method applies to points calculated from Angle Only
measurements. Angle Only points are calculated as part of the
processing for the No Adjust, Compass, Crandall, Transit and Angle
Balance process methods. To calculate points from Angle Only
measurements, there needs to be multiple SS records with horizontal
and vertical angles and no distance with the same target foresight
point number from setups at different occupy points. The elevations
can be set as the average from the multiple measurements, using the
highest measured elevation, or using the lowest measured elevation.
For example, to survey the top of a tree, you could have a SS to
foresight point 99 from occupy point 1 with a horizontal and
vertical angle and another SS to foresight point 99 from occupy
point 2 with a horizontal and vertical angle. Then point 99 can be
calculated by angle-angle intersect which determines the horizontal
distances from 99 back to occupy points 1 and 2. These distances
are then used with the vertical angles and occupy point elevation
to calculate the elevation at point 99.
Store Point Records:
These options control how any store point (PT) record is handled
during processing of the raw data file. There are three options for
storing Store Point (PT) records, Never, Always, and
When CRD
Empty. Never prevents any
Store Point (PT) Record Report in the raw file from being written
to the crd file. With this option on no existing point in the crd
file would be overwritten. Always will write
to the coordinate file and will overwrite any existing point with
the same number of the Store Point (PT) records. The When CRD Empty
option will only write Store Point (PT) records to the coordinate
file when it is empty. Report Store Points
displays all store points in the process results report. The
Hold Store
Points option will hold the coordinate values for the store
point record when measurements are taken to the store points. This
will prevent the coordinates of the point from changing if
measurements to the point dictate a change in coordinate position.
The Convert OC to PT Records option will convert description
(DS) records to store point (PT) records when the description
record contains contains an OC tag with an occupy point number and
coordinates for a point number that isn't already used in another
PT or SS record.
Direct-Reverse Settings:
Direct-Reverse Vertical
Angles: This option
determines how to handle direct-reverse vertical angle measurements
when processing. Balance
Direct-Reverse will take the mean of the direct-reverse
measurements and use this value when processing the file.
Direct
Only will only use the direct measurement to the point for
processing.
Foresight-Backsight Measurements:
Balance Foresight-Backsight
allows for averaging in the Foresight and backsight measurements
when using direct-reverse sets. The Foresight Only option will
average the foresight measurements only of a direct-reverse
set.
Horizontal
Angle Tolerance (Seconds): This is the tolerance that the
angle measured by the direct measurements and the angle measured by
the reverse measurements in a direct-reverse set must fall
within.
Flip Angle
Tolerance (Seconds): User specified value for the acceptable
difference in measured horizontal angles determined from the direct
(BD-FD) and reverse (BR-FR) observations.
Distance
Tolerance: User specified tolerance for the difference in
distance measurements to the same points. When this value is
exceeded on a measurement, it will be displayed on the process
results report.
Measurements To Control
Points: The Store To
Current Coordinate File option applies when a control
coordinate file is used in addition to the active coordinate file.
When processing the raw file, measurements to point numbers that
are in the control coordinate file will not be stored into the
active coordinate file when this option is on.
Drawing
Points and Linework: This option controls the drawing of
points and linework using Field to Finish. It differs from the draw
traverse and sideshot lines under the Tools Menu of the Raw Editor
by using a field to finish code table (*.fld) to define how the
points and linework are to be drawn and layerized. There are three
settings for this option, Manual, Auto and Prompt. Manual means
that the file will not be processed using the field to finish codes
and no points or linework with be drawn upon existing the raw
editor. The Auto option will use the current or last used field to
finish file (*.fld) to draw the points and lines on the drawing
screen when the raw editor is existed. The option of Prompt will
give the option to draw the points and lines to the screen. With
this setting specified, the following prompt will be displayed when
existing the editor.
Tools Menu
Direct-Reverse Report: This
routine creates a report of direct and reverse shots along with the
resulting averaged shots. Any tolerance specified in the Process
Settings>Direct-Reverse Settings section, that is exceeded will
be displayed in this report. The residuals are the difference
between the measurement and the final average. If the current
spreadsheet display mode for distances is set to horizontal, then
the report will show horizontal distances. Otherwise, the report
uses slope distances.
Reduce Direct-Reverse: This routine processes the direct and reverse shots and simplifies the raw file by replacing the sets of direct and reverse shots with the resulting average traverse record.
Update Raw from
Points: This routine is used to update the raw data
based upon the coordinates of the points contained in the
coordinate (*.crd) file. For example if the raw data has been
processed using the compass rule adjustment method, the points in
the crd file are now adjusted. However the raw data remains
unchanged. If a record of the rw5 file reflecting the angles and
distances between the points after an adjustment has been ran is
desired, this routine can be run thus updating the raw data to
reflect the adjusted angles and distances. Another application for
this routine is that of building a rw5 file for future processing
and adjustment. For example if a point file or text file has been
received from another engineering firm or fellow surveyor and you
would like to build a rw5 file for future reference and processing
this option can also be used to accomplish this. The rw5 file would
be set up with the occupied points, foresight points and the
desired angle type to use specified for the traverse. This would be
all the manual entry of the data necessary. After creating the
"shell" of the traverse then run the update raw from points routine
and the raw data, as contained in the coordinate file, will be
imported into the rw5 file thus filling out the horizontal angle,
distance and vertical components specified.
Find Bad Angle: This
routine applies the angular error to each traverse record one at a
time. The adjusted traverse record that improves the closure the
most is reported as the Bad Angle. The angular error is the
difference between the angle balance shot and a reference
angle.
Append Another Raw File: This routine prompts for another raw data (.RW5) file which is read and the data added to the end of the existing raw data (.RW5) file. For example, if you are editing the raw file from the first days work and have a separate raw file with a second days work, you can use this routine to add the second raw data to the first raw file.
Draw
Traverse-Sideshot Lines: This routine draws lines for all
the traverse and sideshot records. Sideshot Traverses are traverses
that do not lead to the closing or ending point. There are
different layers so that the lines can be drawn with different
colors. This command does not process the raw file. Instead it
reads the raw file and for each traverse and sideshot record, the
program looks up the coordinates for the occupied and foresight
points in the CRD file. So it may be necessary to run Process>No
Adjust before running this routine. With the Erase Previous
Traverse-Sideshot Lines toggled on, any previous linework drawn
using this method will be erased from the drawing screen before
drawing the lines again.
Renumber Points: This routine
renumbers points in the raw file. This applies to all point numbers
including: TR, SS, and PT records. The points can be renumbered by
either incrementing the number or by adding a suffix. The Renumber
Duplicates Only option only renumbers points that are duplicated in
the raw file.
Range of Points to Renumber: Enter in the range of points to change, ie 1-4.
Line Number to Begin Renumbering: This corresponds to the line number located at the far left or the raw data editor. Enter the line number to begin the renumbering.
Line Number To End Renumbering: This also corresponds to the line number located at the far left on the raw data editor. Enter the line number to end the renumbering. If the range of numbers specified does not occur between the beginning line number and the ending line number, no changes will be made.
Numbers to Add to Point Numbers: Enter in the value to
add. This number will be added to the existing point number to
create the new point number. For example, if the number to add is
10 and the existing point numbers 1 and 6, the new renumber points
will be 11 and 16.
Point Groups: This option can be used to organize the survey
data into point groups. There are three options for the creation of
point groups, Create All Point
Group, Create Traverse
Point Group and Create
Sideshot Point Group. The Create All Point Group option, creates
a user specified group containing all of the points defined in the
rw5 file. Create Traverse Point
Group creates a user specified group containing only the
points defined in the traverse records (TR) of the rw5 file. The
Create Sideshot Point Group
creates a user specified group that contains only the points
defined in the sideshot records (SS) of the rw5 file.
Format of the raw data (.RW5) file
The Carlson raw data format is a comma delimited ASCII file containing record types, headers, recorded data and comments. The format is based on the RW5 raw data specification, with the exception of angle sets. Angle sets are recorded as BD, BR, FD and FR records to allow reduction of all possible combinations. Essentially, these records are identical to a sideshot record.Traverse Examples
This first example is a closed traverse with an internal backsight of azimuth 178d0'42" |
Use the functions under the Add menu to create and fill out the raw file as shown here.
Notice that the record from point 7 to 8 is set as a CL+AB record. This tells the program that point 8 is the closing point and that the angle from 7 to 8 is the closing angle. For traverse adjustment, the closing reference point is 1 and the closure error is the difference between point 1 and point 8. For angle balance, the reference closing angle is 358d0'42" (178d0'42" + 180). The angle balance error is the difference between this reference angle and the angle from points 7 to 8.
Now let's process using Compass adjustment with Angle Balance. Choose Compass under the Process menu and fill out the dialogs as shown.
Process Results 05/23/2002 10:06
Raw file> c:/scadxml/data/example.rw5
CRD file> C:/scadxml/DATA/example.crd
Scale Factor: 1.00000000
Correct for Earth Curvature: OFF
Starting Point 1: N 5000.00 E 5000.00 Z 100.00
BackSight Azimuth: 178°00'42"
Point Horizontal Zenith Slope Inst Rod Northing Easting Elev
No. Angle Angle Dist HT HT
Description
2 AR268.5330 89.4050 711.32 5.32 6.00 5038.43 5710.27 103.29
P2
3 AR262.5448 89.3236 457.76 5.43 6.00 4587.89 5791.20 106.36
P3
4 AR208.5710 89.1803 201.31 5.40 6.00 4397.30 5726.43 108.22
P4
5 AR247.1657 88.5235 497.12 5.40 6.00 4363.08 5230.59 117.37
P5
19 AR289.3456 91.4405 112.45 5.40 6.00 4471.32 5260.88 113.36
SS1
6 AR277.4835 90.2926 223.98 5.40 6.00 4586.54 5245.67 114.85
P6
7 AR92.4143 90.2746 233.88 5.40 6.00 4613.25 5013.33 112.36
P7
8 AR261.2756 91.4405 387.25 5.42 6.00 5000.09 4999.97 100.06
CLOSE
Closure Results (Before Angle Balance)
Starting Point 1: N 5000.00 E 5000.00 Z 100.00
Closing Reference Point 1: N 5000.00 E 5000.00 Z 100.00
Ending Point 8: N 5000.09 E 4999.97 Z 100.06
Azimuth Error : 341°38'22"
North Error : 0.09061
East Error : -0.03007
Vertical Error: 0.05953
Hz Dist Error : 0.09547
Sl Dist Error : 0.11251
Traverse Lines> 7
SideShots> 1
Horiz Dist Traversed: 2712.29
Slope Dist Traversed: 2712.62
Closure Precision: 1 in 28409
Remainder of process report:
Compass Closure
Adjusted Point Comparison
Original Adjusted
Point# Northing Easting Northing Easting Dist Bearing
2 5038.445 5710.269 5038.440 5710.294 0.025 S 79°46'08" E
3 4587.914 5791.222 4587.907 5791.263 0.042 S 79°46'08" E
4 4397.319 5726.469 4397.310 5726.517 0.049 S 79°46'08" E
5 4363.044 5230.628 4363.032 5230.693 0.067 S 79°46'08" E
6 4586.509 5245.681 4586.496 5245.755 0.075 S 79°46'08" E
7 4613.178 5013.335 4613.163 5013.416 0.083 S 79°46'08" E
8 5000.017 4999.905 5000.000 5000.000 0.097 S 79°46'08" E
Max adjustment: 0.097
Starting Point 1: N 5000.00 E 5000.00 Z 100.00
BackSight Azimuth: 178°00'42"
Point Horizontal Zenith Slope Inst Rod Northing Easting Elev
No. Angle Angle Dist HT HT
Description
2 AR268.5326 89.4050 711.34 5.32 6.00 5038.44 5710.29 103.29
P2
3 AR262.5434 89.3236 457.76 5.43 6.00 4587.91 5791.26 106.36
P3
4 AR208.5704 89.1803 201.30 5.40 6.00 4397.31 5726.52 108.22
P4
5 AR247.1657 88.5235 497.09 5.40 6.00 4363.03 5230.69 117.37
P5
19 AR289.3456 91.4405 112.47 5.40 6.00 4471.28 5260.97 113.36
SS1
6 AR277.4839 90.2926 223.99 5.40 6.00 4586.50 5245.75 114.85
P6
7 AR92.4130 90.2746 233.88 5.40 6.00 4613.16 5013.42 112.36
P7
8 AR261.2758 91.4405 387.27 5.42 6.00 5000.00 5000.00 100.06
CLOSE
Shown above is the resulting process report. The angle balance had an error of 39 seconds which was divided among the 7 traverse sides. The Compass Closure shows how each traverse point was adjusted and then the resulting adjusted angles and distances.
Here is another layout of the last example that shows an external backsight setup. In this case there are two known points. Point 1 is the starting point and point 21 is the initial backsight. The setup could also use a backsight azimuth (ie north azimuth for example) instead of a backsight point number.
The closing record setup has changed from the last example. In this example, the shot from 7 to 8 is the closing shot with point 8 as the closing point. The closing reference point is still point 1. The angle balance shot is from 8 to 9 and the reference angle is from 1 to 21.
Example of an open traverse |
The traverse starts from the known point 1 and ends at the known
point 14. In this case there is no angle balance shot. The closing
shot is from 3 to 4 with point 4 being the closing point. Point 14
is the closing reference point.
The closing record setup has changed from the last example. In this example, the shot from 7 to 8 is the closing shot with point 8 as the closing point. The closing reference point is still point 1. The angle balance shot is from 8 to 9 and the reference angle is from 1 to 21.
Here is an example of an open traverse.
Compass Report from Open Traverse example:
Process Results
Raw file> d:/scdev/data/tsurvey.rw5
CRD file> d:/scdev/data/tsurvey.crd
Compass Closure
Adjusted Point Comparison
Original Adjusted
Point# Northing Easting Northing Easting Distance Bearing
2 5013.76 5711.18 5013.78 5711.13 0.047 N 63d21'19" W
3 4560.69 5776.42 4560.72 5776.35 0.078 N 63d21'19" W
4 4372.46 5705.08 4372.50 5705.00 0.091 N 63d21'19" W
Point Horizontal Vertical Slope Inst Rod Northing Easting Elev
No. Angle Angle Dist HT HT
Description
2 AR133.5324 89.4050 711.27 5.32 6.00 5013.78 5711.13 103.29
3 AR262.5506 89.3236 457.74 5.43 6.00 4560.72 5776.35 106.36
4 AR208.5712 89.1803 201.30 5.40 6.00 4372.50 5705.00 108.22
The traverse starts from the known point 1 and ends at the known point 14. In this case there is no angle balance shot. The closing shot is from 3 to 4 with point 4 being the closing point. Point 14 is the closing reference point.
Portion of typical Sokkia/SDR raw data file:
00NMSDR20 V03-05 Jan-22-98 19:14 122211
10NMW970709A
13CPSea level crn: N
02TP00015000.000005000.0000085.63500005.22000000PK-FD
08KI00035000.000005192.9200081.7450000MN-SET
07TP0001000390.00000000.00000000
09F100010003193.10000092.40416660.00000000MN-SET
09F100010100193.00000091.31388880.00000000SN-REC
Portion of typical Wild/Leica raw data file:
410001+000000SB 42....+00000000 43....+00000000 44....+00000000
45....+00000000 110002+00000002
21.124+35959590 22.104+08748240 31...1+00000000 51..0.+0012+000
110003+00000003
21.124+00000000 22.104+08748240 31...1+00267075 51..0.+0012+000
110004+00000004
21.124+00420390 22.104+08702570 31...1+00168234 51..0.+0012+000
110005+00000005
21.124+26029130 22.104+09311370 31...1+00206133 51..0.+0012+000
410006+000000IP 42....+00000000
43....+00000000 44....+00000000 45....+00000000 110007+00000006
21.124+25827090 22.104+09504550
31...1+00106228 51..0.+0012+000 110008+00000007 21.124+27151500
22.104+09312240 31...1+00106066
51..0.+0012+000
Portion of typical PC COGO raw data file:
* NEW SET UP INST. AT 1 359 59 59 ON 4
L ANG 1000 4 1 77 18 52 4.44 * 1000 WALL# 283.22
L ANG 1001 4 1 55 44 28 9.8 * 1001 WALL# 283.28
L ANG 1002 4 1 38 37 8 15.89 * 1002 WALL# 283.48
L ANG 1008 4 1 27 18 34 123.82 * 1008 WALL# 287.75
Portion of typical Nikon raw data file:
MP,NOR,,5000.0000,5000.0000,100.0000,1
CO,Temp:111F Press:29.9inHg Prism:666 23-May-2000 10:30:36
ST,NOR,,1,,5.0000,0.0000,0.0000
SS,1,5.0000,131.0605,91.3744,88.4935,10:36:15,CL1
SS,2,5.0000,137.6770,90.2923,88.5236,10:36:50,CL1
Portion of typical MDL/Laser raw data file:
D052097F04P52I494P01P02
H32473V-0639R016202P03
H06687V-0706R014936P91
H03840V-0483R017380
Portion of typical Geodimeter raw data file:
50=HAWTHORN
54=19398
23=3222
2=1
37=1000.00
38=5000.00
39=700.000
Portion of typical Survis raw data file:
_OCCUPY_PNT_
621 616 5.140
148.36076
10255015.7245 3790987.2398 87.6695 ir
10255535.8009 3790669.8100 100.3900 ir
_COMMENT_
Thu Apr 08 08:14:14 1999
_BACKSIGHT_
0.00000 90.33400 609.4200 11.900 ir
_SIDESHOT_
1 0 0
18.47550 90.55000 17.4200 5.300 TP:gps1
Portion of typical Fieldbook raw data file:
NE 32 10696.4141 10043.5613 "SN-SET"
AZ 32 27 0
STN 32
BS 27
AD 27 0.00000 NULL "SN-SET"
AD 33 183.23250 183.660 "SN-SET"
Portion of typical SurvCOGO raw data file:
19100 , 0 , 19101 , 5 , 5.25 , 4.7 , 35.15 , 550 , 91.23 ,START
19101 , 19100 , 19102 , 5 , 5.15 , 4.7 , 35.15 , 120.23 , 88.34
,
19102 , 19101 , 19103 , 5 , 5.2 , 4.7 , 125.1444 , 180.41 , 90
,
19103 , 19102 , 19104 , 5 , 5.2 , 4.7 , 125.15 , 240.03 , 90 ,
19104 , 19103 , 19105 , 5 , 5.3 , 4.7 , 315.15 , 305.5 , 90 ,IRON
PIN
19105 , 19104 , 19106 , 5 , 5.4 , 4.7 , 215.15 , 140.35 , 90 ,IRON
PIN
19106 , 19105 , 19107 , 5 , 5.05 , 4.7 , 215.15 , 200 , 90 ,TACK IN
FENCE
19107 , 19106 , 19108 , 5 , 5.2 , 4.7 , 300.23 , 400 , 90 ,
Pulldown Menu Location: Survey
Keyboard Command: rawedit
Prerequisite: None
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