<<<<<<< Lesson_13_Digitizing.html
Lesson 19: Takeoff Digitizing
This lesson transfers a paper plan into Carlson Takeoff.
Step 1 (Setup):
To digitize in Carlson Takeoff, you need to install the Wintab
digitizer driver. See Digitizer Setup in the manual if you have not
installed or have problems with the Wintab driver. If Wintab is
installed, then make sure your drawing board is on and take the
paper plan provided with the manual and place it on your drawing
board. Click the icon for Takeoff on your
desktop or from the toolbar to launch the program. You may be
presented with a “Startup Wizard” dialog similar to the one shown
below, if so click New. If a Startup Wizard did not
appear, then under File menu, select New to start a new drawing.
You will be prompted for a template to use. Templates determine the
default settings for your drawing. For this tutorial, select
site.dwt or carlson.dwt and click Open.
Next, the New Drawing Wizard
appears for setting the drawing name. Click on the Set button
at the top dialog. In the file selection dialog, enter the file
name of "digitize" and pick the Save button. Then Exit the New
Drawing Wizard. From here, a Data Files dialog appears where
no changes are needed. Pick the Exit button.
Step 2 (Tablet Calibration):
To start things off, you need to set the coordinate system for the
paper plan by running the Calibrate command under Digitize menu and
sub-menu Tablet. Calibration is required to let the program know
the orientation and scale of the paper plan. There are
two different Calibration Methods: Known Reference Points and
Drawing Scale with New Reference Points. Known Reference Points
allows you to enter in the coordinates of two marked points on the
paper plan. This method applies when you know the coordinates of at
least two points on the paper plans. Drawing Scale with New
Reference Points allows you to setup a coordinate system for the
plans by entering the plan scale and picking any two points from
the paper plan with the digitizer puck.
In this case, we will use Drawing Scale with New Reference Points.
First, enter in the Drawing Scale listed on the paper plan. On this
drawing, the scale is 1:40, so enter in 40. Use the default
coordinates for Point 1 and click OK. Now Carlson Takeoff will
prompt you for your First and Second Reference points. Generally,
you want to pick to points on the drawing that you can find and use
again in case you need to recalibrate. Also, the further away the
points are from each other, the more accurate the coordinate system
will be. With the digitizer puck, pick on the icon in the lower
left and upper right of the drawing for the two Reference Points.
The first point is assigned the coordinates of 1000,1000 from the
dialog and the second point is assigned coordinates to match with
the plan scale. From now on, all of your points will be in relation
to these two points.
Step 3 (Digitizing Existing Contours):
We will now digitize the existing contours. Under the Digitize
menu, click on Existing and then go to Contour Polyline, and this
dialog will appear. Enter in a Layer Name of XCONT and select OK.
Note: your Elevation Interval should match the intervals marked on
your paper drawing. In this drawing, the interval is the same as
the default of 1.00. The rest of the prompting occurs at
the command line and starts with the contour elevation. Find the
lowest elevation for the existing contours labeled in bottom right
corner of the paper plan zoomed in on below. In this example, the
lowest elevation is 624 feet. The elevation can be entered either
with the digitizer puck keys or with the computer keyboard. The
layout of the digitizer keys is set in Digitizing Settings->Puck
Layout. Press Enter after you have entered in 624. You want to
enter in the lowest contour so that as Carlson Takeoff adds the
Elevation Interval, it is from lowest to highest. Next, you
will see the following prompt:
Sketch[0]/Exit[A]/Pick the first point:
There are two different ways to digitize: in Pick Mode or Sketch
Mode. You can switch between them at anytime. In this tutorial we
will run through how to do both. For now, type in [0] and press
enter to get into Sketch Mode. In Sketch Mode, you will be prompted
to Pick and drag. The point you pick is the starting point of a
contour. Drag is asking you to follow that contour with the
digitizer puck on the paper plan. Click a second time when you have
traced the entire contour and have reached the end of the contour.
You will then be prompted as follows:
Pick[0]/Close[A]/Undo[B]/Pick and
drag (Enter to end):
Type in [B] for Undo if you made a mistake and need to sketch part
of the contour again. [A] will close the contour, and [0] will
switch you into Pick Mode. We still have more existing contours to
digitize, so press Enter to end and answer yes to the Digitize
Another Contour prompt. Takeoff will prompt you to verify the
elevation. Remember, we set the Elevation Interval to one, so the
default elevation for your next contour line is 625, press Enter.
Now, pick the endpoint of the next contour and trace it in the same
manner as the previous contour.
Now let's try Pick Mode. Say yes to digitize another contour and
check to see if the default elevation corresponds with the contour
your about to digitize. If not, simply type in the correct number
in the command line. Next, pick [0] to get into Pick Mode. In Pick
Mode, you do not have to trace the contour. Rather, pick with the
digitizer puck to create points that will make up the contour.
Note: Less picks are needed on fairly straight segments.
Conversely, more picks will give you a more accurate contour. Press
Enter when you have reach the end of the contour. Repeat this until
you have digitized all of the existing contours you want to have in
Takeoff (see below).
Step 4 (Digitizing the Design):
Now we will digitize the building and curb linework of the Design
Surface using the Digitize 2D Polyline and 3D Polyline commands.
Besides drawing the linework positions, we will also assign layer
names to the linework that we will use later to identify the types
of linework. In this example, there are no design contours,
only the design building and curb linework and spot elevations.
Let's begin by digitizing the main building. Under Digitize, check
on Design and go to 2D Polyline. 2D Polyline is used to digitize
linework entities with one elevation. Toggle off the check box
Use current drawing layer
and name the layer NEW BUILD. Toggle on the Prompt For Polyline Elevation option.
Then click OK. At the command line, enter in the
building elevation of 634.41 found labeled in the middle of the
building and press Enter. Then pick the points that define the
building outline. Start in the upper left corner and pick at every
corner around the building. When you have picked around the entire
building, type in [A] for close to finish digitizing the
building.
Enter polyline elevation
<0.00>: 634.41
First point:
pick a building point
Close[A]/Undo[B]/Osnap[.]/Pick
next point (Enter to end): pick =======
Lesson 19: Takeoff
Digitizing
This lesson transfers a paper plan into Carlson Takeoff.
Step 1 (Setup):
To digitize in Carlson Takeoff, you need to install the Wintab
digitizer driver. See Digitizer Setup in the manual if you have not
installed or have problems with the Wintab driver. If Wintab is
installed, then make sure your drawing board is on and take the
paper plan provided with the manual and place it on your drawing
board. Click the icon for Takeoff on your
desktop or from the toolbar to launch the program. You may be
presented with a “Startup Wizard” dialog similar to the one shown
below, if so click New. If a Startup Wizard did not appear,
then under File menu, select New to start a new drawing. You will
be prompted for a template to use. Templates determine the default
settings for your drawing. For this tutorial, select site.dwt and
click Open. Next, the New Drawing Wizard appears
for setting the drawing name. Click on the Set button at the
top dialog. In the file selection dialog, enter the file name of
"digitize" and pick the Save button. Then Exit the New Drawing
Wizard. From here, a Data Files dialog appears where no
changes are needed. Pick the Exit button.
Step 2 (Tablet Calibration):
To start things off, you need to set the coordinate system for the
paper plan by running the Calibrate command under Digitize menu and
sub-menu Tablet. Calibration is required to let the program know
the orientation and scale of the paper plan.There are
two different Calibration Methods: Known Reference Points and
Drawing Scale with New Reference Points. Known Reference Points
allows you to enter in the coordinates of two marked points on the
paper plan. This method applies when you know the coordinates of at
least two points on the paper plans. Drawing Scale with New
Reference Points allows you to setup a coordinate system for the
plans by entering the plan scale and picking any two points from
the paper plan with the digitizer puck.
In this case, we will use Drawing Scale with New Reference Points.
First, enter in the Drawing Scale listed on the paper plan. On this
drawing, the scale is 1:40, so enter in 40. Use the default
coordinates for Point 1 and click OK. Now Carlson Takeoff will
prompt you for your First and Second Reference points. Generally,
you want to pick to points on the drawing that you can find and use
again in case you need to recalibrate. Also, the further away the
points are from each other, the more accurate the coordinate system
will be. With the digitizer puck, pick on the icon in the lower
left and upper right of the drawing for the two Reference Points.
The first point is assigned the coordinates of 1000,1000 from the
dialog and the second point is assigned coordinates to match with
the plan scale. From now on, all of your points will be in relation
to these two points.
Step 3 (Digitizing Existing Contours):
We will now digitize the existing contours. Under the Digitize
menu, click on Existing and then go to Contour Polyline, and this
dialog will appear. Enter in a Layer Name of XCONT and select OK.
Note: your Elevation Interval should match the intervals marked on
your paper drawing. In this drawing, the interval is the same as
the default of 1.00.The rest of the prompting occurs at
the command line and starts with the contour elevation. Find the
lowest elevation for the existing contours labeled in bottom right
corner of the paper plan zoomed in on below. In this example, the
lowest elevation is 624 feet. The elevation can be entered either
with the digitizer puck keys or with the computer keyboard. The
layout of the digitizer keys is set in Digitizing Settings->Puck
Layout. Press Enter after you have entered in 624. You want to
enter in the lowest contour so that as Carlson Takeoff adds the
Elevation Interval, it is from lowest to highest. Next, you
will see the following prompt:
Sketch[0]/Exit[A]/Pick the first point:
There are two different ways to digitize: in Pick Mode or Sketch
Mode. You can switch between them at anytime. In this tutorial we
will run through how to do both. For now, type in [0] and press
enter to get into Sketch Mode. In Sketch Mode, you will be prompted
to Pick and drag. The point you pick is the starting point of a
contour. Drag is asking you to follow that contour with the
digitizer puck on the paper plan. Click a second time when you have
traced the entire contour and have reached the end of the contour.
You will then be prompted as follows:
Pick[0]/Close[A]/Undo[B]/Pick and
drag (Enter to end):
Type in [B] for Undo if you made a mistake and need to sketch part
of the contour again. [A] will close the contour, and [0] will
switch you into Pick Mode. We still have more existing contours to
digitize, so press Enter to end and answer yes to the Digitize
Another Contour prompt. Takeoff will prompt you to verify the
elevation. Remember, we set the Elevation Interval to one, so the
default elevation for your next contour line is 625, press Enter.
Now, pick the endpoint of the next contour and trace it in the same
manner as the previous contour.
Now let's try Pick Mode. Say yes to digitize another contour and
check to see if the default elevation corresponds with the contour
your about to digitize. If not, simply type in the correct number
in the command line. Next, pick [0] to get into Pick Mode. In Pick
Mode, you do not have to trace the contour. Rather, pick with the
digitizer puck to create points that will make up the contour.
Note: Less picks are needed on fairly straight segments.
Conversely, more picks will give you a more accurate contour. Press
Enter when you have reach the end of the contour. Repeat this until
you have digitized all of the existing contours you want to have in
Takeoff (see below).
Step 4 (Digitizing the Design):
Now we will digitize the building and curb linework of the Design
Surface using the Digitize 2D Polyline and 3D Polyline commands.
Besides drawing the linework positions, we will also assign layer
names to the linework that we will use later to identify the types
of linework. In this example, there are no design contours,
only the design building and curb linework and spot elevations.
Let's begin by digitizing the main building. Under Digitize, check
on Design and go to 2D Polyline. 2D Polyline is used to digitize
linework entities with one elevation. Toggle off the check box
Use current drawing layer
and name the layer NEW BUILD. Toggle on the Prompt For Polyline Elevation option.
Then click OK. At the command line, enter in the
building elevation of 634.41 found labeled in the middle of the
building and press Enter. Then pick the points that define the
building outline. Start in the upper left corner and pick at every
corner around the building. When you have picked around the entire
building, type in [A] for close to finish digitizing the
building.
Enter polyline elevation
<0.00>: 634.41
First point:
pick a building point
Close[A]/Undo[B]/Osnap[.]/Pick
next point (Enter to end): pick >>>>>>> 1.8 the
next building point
Close[A]/Undo[B]/Osnap[.]/Pick
next point (Enter to end): pick the next building point
Close[A]/Undo[B]/Osnap[.]/Pick
next point (Enter to end): pick the <<<<<<<
Lesson_13_Digitizing.html last building point
Close[A]/Undo[B]/Osnap[.]/Pick
next point (Enter to end): A to close
Digitize Another NEW_BUILD
Polyline [Yes(A)/<No(B)>]? B for No
Notice that the parking lot linework consists of different
elevation levels. To digitize entities with more than one
elevation, go to Digitize and select 3D Polyline from the pull-down
menu. Make sure that the Prompt
For Polyline Elevation option is on, the Use current drawing layer toggle is off
and name the layer NEW EDGE ASPH. Let's start by digitizing the
parking lot starting from the zoomed in section below. The edge of
asphalt is the inside line. The parking lot elevation labels have
been shortened on the paper plan. For example, they read 35.37 and
35.12, when the actual elevations are 635.37 and 635.12. Enter in
600 as the Elevation Adder, then click OK. Click on
the point with the digitizer puck where the 35.37 elevation label
points to in the upper left corner of the parking lot. When
prompted for Elevation enter in 35.37. Pick below the first point
where the linework starts to curve. We do not have an elevation for
this point, but we can interpolate the elevation from the two
points around it using the interpolate option. Type in I for
interpolate or hit the A button on the Puck. Next pick the middle
point of the curve and again use Interpolate for the elevation.
Next pick the end of the curve at the 35.12 label and enter in the
elevation 35.12. Continue digitizing for the rest of the edge of
asphalt linework. Digitize each point where there is an elevation
label and each point where the curb line changes direction.
The first prompts should resemble these:
First point: pick first point (at 35.37 label)
Interpolate[A]/screen
Pick/<Elevation[B]> <0.00>: 35.37
Z: 635.37
Close[A]/Undo[B]/Osnap[.]/Pick next point (Enter to end):
pick next point (start of
curve)
Slope/Ratio/Interpolate[A]/Degree/screen
Pick/<Elevation[B]> <635.37>: Press the
[A] button on the Puck for Interpolate
Slope/Ratio/Elevation[B]/Degree/screen Pick/Osnap[.]/Next point or
elevation<Interpolate>: pick next point (middle of curve)
This point elevation will be
interpolated upon completion.
Slope/Ratio/Elevation[B]/Degree/screen Pick/Osnap[.]/Next point or
elevation<Interpolate>: pick next point (end of curve, at 35.12
label)
This point elevation will be
interpolated upon completion.
Slope/Ratio/Elevation[B]/Degree/screen Pick/Osnap[.]/Next point
or
elevation<Interpolate>: 35.12 (Enter)
To check the elevations of the interpolated points go to List under
the Inquiry menu and click on the polyline you just created and
press Enter. A text window will appear showing you the layer name,
coordinates, and elevation of each point. To return to the main
graphic screen, press F2.
Use the 3D Polyline command to digitize the rest of the parking lot
as seen below.
Step 5 (Area):
Now that we have digitized the Design Surface, let's check the Area
of certain sections. Select Area under the Digitize Menu and match
the below dialog. To approximate the area of the main
building, pick the points of the building outline.
Command: dig_area
Pick starting point:
Pick points as close to the
building design linework as you can
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Digitize Another Area
[<Yes(A)>/No(B)]? B
When finished with the building points, press Enter to end. Then
answer no for no more areas. Takeoff will then display an Area
report similar to the one shown below.
Step 6 (Spot Elevations):
In our paper drawing, we have two spot elevations labeled 32.57 and
32.41 shown in the bottom left below. To
digitize these elevations, we can use the Spot Elevation command
under the Digitize menu. Fill out the Spot Elevation dialog as
shown and pick OK. In the paper plan, find and click
on the spot elevations with the puck. When prompted, enter in their
corresponding elevations of 632.57 and 632.41.
Step 7 (Boundary Polyline):
The limits of the site are defined by a closed polyline. This
polyline is used as the boundary for the models and the volumes.
Under the digitize menu, check on Other and then select Perimeter.
Type in PERIMETER as the layer name. Now digitize around the bold,
outside line shown below. Say No to the prompt:
Digitize Another PERIMETER
Polyline [Yes(A)/<No(B)>]?
Now run Tools->Boundary
Polyline->Set Boundary Polyline and pick the perimeter polyline.
This selected polyline is now set as the boundary polyline for the
rest of the Takeoff routines.
Step 8 (Layer Targets):
From the Tools menu, choose Define Layer
Target/Material/Subgrade. Every entity (line, polyline, point, etc)
in the drawing is assigned a layer name. Takeoff uses the entity
layer names to define which entities are for the existing ground
surface, the design surface or no surface. These surfaces are
referred to as the “Target” surfaces. The drawing entities
are assigned their target surface by their layer name. For example,
if polylines representing design contours are on the layer “NEW”,
then “NEW” will be set as a layer for the design surface. For
layers of entities that are for neither existing nor design
surfaces (such as text labels for street names), the layer target
is set to Other.
The Define Layer Targets dialog has three lists of layers:
Existing, Design and Other. To switch between lists, pick the tabs
at the top of the dialog. We have already defined the layers for
their correct targets. We did this by check on Existing, Design, or
Other in the pull-down menu.
Check that your Layer Targets resemble the
three lists shown here. If a layer is out of place, highlight it,
and hit the "Move To" button after selecting the correct target to
send it to. After reviewing, pick Save and Exit.
Now that the layer targets are defined, there
are several commands that can be applied. In the Display menu, you
can turn on/off whether to display layer targets by using Existing
Drawing, Design Drawing and Other Drawing, or by right-clicking
with your mouse.
Practice turning on/off the Existing, Design
and Other Drawing in the Display menu. When only Existing Drawing
is on, you should see just the contours. When only Design Drawing
is on, you should see just the design polylines and leader labels.
When only Other Drawing is on, you should see the entities that are
assigned to neither existing nor design.
Step 9 (Define Material/SubGrade):
Besides assigning target surfaces by layer,
layers are also used to define material names and subgrade depths.
By assigning material names and depths to layers, the volume, area,
length and count for entities on these layers can be reported. Also
the depth is used to vertically adjust the design surface. The
polylines used for subgrade depth must be closed polylines. Takeoff
supports nested subgrade polylines for exclusion areas such as
islands by counting how many subgrade polylines surround an area.
If the number is odd, then the area is inside the subgrade.
Otherwise the area is not part of the subgrade.
First, let's confirm the layer names for our subgrades. Go to the
Display menu and check on Design Drawing, uncheck Existing Drawing
and uncheck Other Drawing. Then run Inquiry->Layer ID and pick
the large pad polyline. It reports that this layer is NEW BUILD.
Next use Layer ID to pick the curb polyline. It reports that this
layer is NEW EDGE ASPH.
Now run Define Layer Target/Material/Subgrade
and pick the Design tab. Highlight layer NEW BUILD and pick the
Edit button. A dialog appears for defining the pad material
properties. Check on the Include In Material Report option, enter
the Material Name as “Pad”, set the first subgrade name to "Pad",
and set the Depth as 1. Once the dialog is filled out as shown,
pick OK.
Next pick layer NEW EDGE ASPH and choose Edit. In the Edit
Materials dialog, check on Include In Material Report, set the
Material Name to “Pavement”, set the first subgrade name to
"Pavement", and set the Depth to 1.5. Then pick OK.
To save the subgrade changes, pick the Save
button on the Define Layer Targets dialog. Then choose Exit.
Now let’s visually verify the subgrade areas.
In the TakeOff menu, run Subgrade Areas->Hatch Subgrade Areas.
There is a dialog to select which subgrade to hatch. Choose the
Pavement. Then there is a dialog for the hatch pattern and color.
Change the color to green and click OK. Then run Hatch Subgrade
Areas again. This time choose Pad and set the hatch pattern to Hex
with blue color. The resulting hatch areas show where the subgrade
is applied. Notice how the islands are not hatched because they are
curb polylines that are already inside another curb polyline. When
finished viewing the subgrade areas, run TakeOff->Subgrade
Areas->Erase Subgrade Hatches.
Step 10 (Model Existing and Design Surfaces):
To calculate volumes, Takeoff needs two surfaces: existing ground
and design. These surfaces are modeled by triangulation. With
the preparation of the previous steps, we’re now ready to make the
models. To make the existing ground surface, run Tools->Make
Existing Ground Surface. The program will process the entities and
make the triangulation surface. Then to make the design surface,
run Tools->Make Design Surface.
Step 11 (Cut/Fill Color Map):
Cut/Fill color maps can be used for a visual
output of the site cut/fill areas and also serves as a check that
the models are correct. In the Display menu, choose Cut/Fill
Color Map. Cut areas are drawn in different shades of red for
different depths of cut while fill areas are drawn in blue. To
change the resolution of the color blocks, run Display->Display
Options and change the Cut/Fill Color Map Subdivisions. This
parameter is the number of rows and columns of color blocks to
create. You can also draw a legend for the Color Map by going to
Draw, Cut/Fill Map Legend. Pick a point on your drawing to locate
the legend and press Enter. To turn off the color map, go to the
Display menu and pick Cut/Fill Color Map to uncheck it.
Step 12 (Calculate Volumes):
To calculate volumes, run the
TakeOff->Calculate Total Volumes command. There is an options
dialog for setting the cut swell factor and fill shrink factor.
These values get multiplied into the cut/fill volumes. Set these
factors as desired and click OK. Then the routine calculates the
volumes and display the report which includes the cut/fill volumes
and areas. The report can be printed or saved to a file. Pick the
Exit button to exit the report viewer.
Step 13 (Material Quantities):
To report the material quantities, run the
TakeOff->Material Quantities->Standard Report routine. The
report includes the count, length, area and volume for each type of
material that was assigned for reporting in the Define Layer
Target/Material/Subgrade command. The Material
Quantities->Custom Report routine can be used to reporting these
values with control of the report format and the option to export
to Excel.
======= last building point
Close[A]/Undo[B]/Osnap[.]/Pick
next point (Enter to end): A to close
Digitize Another NEW_BUILD
Polyline [Yes(A)/<No(B)>]? B for No
Notice that the parking lot linework consists of different
elevation levels. To digitize entities with more than one
elevation, go to Digitize and select 3D Polyline from the pull-down
menu. Make sure that the Prompt
For Polyline Elevation option is on, the Use current drawing layer toggle is off
and name the layer NEW EDGE ASPH.Let's start by digitizing the
parking lot starting from the zoomed in section below. The edge of
asphalt is the inside line. The parking lot elevation labels have
been shortened on the paper plan. For example, they read 35.37 and
35.12, when the actual elevations are 635.37 and 635.12. Enter in
600 as the Elevation Adder, then click OK. Click on
the point with the digitizer puck where the 35.37 elevation label
points to in the upper left corner of the parking lot. When
prompted for Elevation enter in 35.37. Pick below the first point
where the linework starts to curve. We do not have an elevation for
this point, but we can interpolate the elevation from the two
points around it using the interpolate option. Type in I for
interpolate or hit the A button on the Puck. Next pick the middle
point of the curve and again use Interpolate for the elevation.
Next pick the end of the curve at the 35.12 label and enter in the
elevation 35.12. Continue digitizing for the rest of the edge of
asphalt linework. Digitize each point where there is an elevation
label and each point where the curb line changes direction.
The first prompts should resemble these:
First point: pick first point (at 35.37 label)
Interpolate[A]/screen
Pick/<Elevation[B]> <0.00>: 35.37
Z: 635.37
Close[A]/Undo[B]/Osnap[.]/Pick next point (Enter to end):
pick next point (start of
curve)
Slope/Ratio/Interpolate[A]/Degree/screen
Pick/<Elevation[B]> <635.37>: Press the
[A] button on the Puck for Interpolate
Slope/Ratio/Elevation[B]/Degree/screen Pick/Osnap[.]/Next point or
elevation<Interpolate>: pick next point (middle of curve)
This point elevation will be
interpolated upon completion.
Slope/Ratio/Elevation[B]/Degree/screen Pick/Osnap[.]/Next point or
elevation<Interpolate>: pick next point (end of curve, at 35.12
label)
This point elevation will be
interpolated upon completion.
Slope/Ratio/Elevation[B]/Degree/screen Pick/Osnap[.]/Next point
or
elevation<Interpolate>: 35.12 (Enter)
To check the elevations of the interpolated points go to List under
the Inquiry menu and click on the polyline you just created and
press Enter. A text window will appear showing you the layer name,
coordinates, and elevation of each point. To return to the main
graphic screen, press F2.
Use the 3D Polyline command to digitize the rest of the parking lot
as seen below.
Step 5 (Area):
Now that we have digitized the Design Surface, let's check the Area
of certain sections. Select Area under the Digitize Menu and match
the below dialog.To approximate the area of the main
building, pick the points of the building outline.
Command: dig_area
Pick starting point:
Pick points as close to the
building design linework as you can
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Undo[B]/Pick next point (Enter to
end):
Digitize Another Area
[<Yes(A)>/No(B)]? B
When finished with the building points, press Enter to end. Then
answer no for no more areas. Takeoff will then display an Area
report similar to the one shown below.
Step 6 (Spot Elevations):
In our paper drawing, we have two spot elevations labeled 32.57 and
32.41 shown in the bottom left below.To
digitize these elevations, we can use the Spot Elevation command
under the Digitize menu. Fill out the Spot Elevation dialog as
shown and pick OK.In the paper plan, find and click on
the spot elevations with the puck. When prompted, enter in their
corresponding elevations of 632.57 and 632.41.
Step 7 (Boundary Polyline):
The limits of the site are defined by a closed polyline. This
polyline is used as the boundary for the models and the volumes.
Under the digitize menu, check on Other and then select Perimeter.
Type in PERIMETER as the layer name. Now digitize around the bold,
outside line shown below. Say No to the prompt:
Digitize Another PERIMETER
Polyline [Yes(A)/<No(B)>]?
Now run Tools->Boundary
Polyline->Set Boundary Polyline and pick the perimeter polyline.
This selected polyline is now set as the boundary polyline for the
rest of the Takeoff routines.
Step 8 (Layer Targets):
From the Tools menu, choose Define Layer
Target/Material/Subgrade. Every entity (line, polyline, point, etc)
in the drawing is assigned a layer name. Takeoff uses the entity
layer names to define which entities are for the existing ground
surface, the design surface or no surface. These surfaces are
referred to as the “Target” surfaces. The drawing entities
are assigned their target surface by their layer name. For example,
if polylines representing design contours are on the layer “NEW”,
then “NEW” will be set as a layer for the design surface. For
layers of entities that are for neither existing nor design
surfaces (such as text labels for street names), the layer target
is set to Other.
The Define Layer Targets dialog has three lists of layers:
Existing, Design and Other. To switch between lists, pick the tabs
at the top of the dialog. We have already defined the layers for
their correct targets. We did this by check on Existing, Design, or
Other in the pull-down menu.
Check that your Layer Targets resemble the
three lists shown here. If a layer is out of place, highlight it,
and hit the "Move To" button after selecting the correct target to
send it to. After reviewing, pick Save and Exit.
Now that the layer targets are
defined, there are several commands that can be applied. In the
Display menu, you can turn on/off whether to display layer targets
by using Existing Drawing, Design Drawing and Other Drawing, or by
right-clicking with your mouse. For example, when Design Drawing is
checked, then picking this menu item will uncheck it and turn off
all the layers for the design surface. Likewise, picking Design
Drawing when it is unchecked will make it checked and turn on the
design surface layers.
Practice turning on/off the Existing, Design
and Other Drawing in the Display menu. When only Existing Drawing
is on, you should see just the contours. When only Design Drawing
is on, you should see just the design polylines and leader labels.
When only Other Drawing is on, you should see the entities that are
assigned to neither existing nor design.
Step 9 (Define Material/SubGrade):
Besides assigning target surfaces by layer,
layers are also used to define material names and subgrade depths.
By assigning material names and depths to layers, the volume, area,
length and count for entities on these layers can be reported. Also
the depth is used to vertically adjust the design surface. The
polylines used for subgrade depth must be closed polylines. Takeoff
supports nested subgrade polylines for exclusion areas such as
islands by counting how many subgrade polylines surround an area.
If the number is odd, then the area is inside the subgrade.
Otherwise the area is not part of the subgrade.
First, let's confirm the layer names for our subgrades. Go to the
Display menu and check on Design Drawing, uncheck Existing Drawing
and uncheck Other Drawing. Then run Inquiry->Layer ID and pick
the large pad polyline. It reports that this layer is NEW BUILD.
Next use Layer ID to pick the curb polyline. It reports that this
layer is NEW EDGE ASPH.
Now run Define Layer Target/Material/Subgrade
and pick the Design tab. Highlight layer NEW BUILD and pick the
Edit button. A dialog appears for defining the pad material
properties. Check on the Include In Material Report option, enter
the Material Name as “Pad”, set the first subgrade name to "Pad",
and set the Depth as 1. Once the dialog is filled out as shown,
pick OK.
Next pick layer NEW EDGE ASPH and
choose Edit. In the Edit Materials dialog, check on Include In
Material Report, set the Material Name to “Pavement”, set the first
subgrade name to "Pavement", and set the Depth to 1.5. Then pick
OK. To save the subgrade changes, pick
the Save button on the Define Layer Targets dialog. Then choose
Exit.
Now let’s visually verify the subgrade areas.
In the TakeOff menu, run Subgrade Areas->Hatch Subgrade Areas.
There is a dialog to select which subgrade to hatch. Choose the
Pavement. Then there is a dialog for the hatch pattern and color.
Change the color to green and click OK. Then run Hatch Subgrade
Areas again. This time choose Pad and set the hatch pattern to Hex
with blue color. The resulting hatch areas show where the subgrade
is applied. Notice how the islands are not hatched because they are
curb polylines that are already inside another curb polyline. When
finished viewing the subgrade areas, run TakeOff->Subgrade
Areas->Erase Subgrade Hatches.
Step 10 (Model Existing and Design Surfaces):
To calculate volumes, Takeoff needs two surfaces: existing ground
and design. These surfaces are modeled by triangulation. With
the preparation of the previous steps, we’re now ready to make the
models. To make the existing ground surface, run Tools->Make
Existing Ground Surface. The program will process the entities and
make the triangulation surface. Then to make the design surface,
run Tools->Make Design Surface.
Step 11 (Cut/Fill Color Map):
Cut/Fill color maps can be used for a visual
output of the site cut/fill areas and also serves as a check that
the models are correct. In the Display menu, choose Cut/Fill
Color Map. Cut areas are drawn in different shades of red for
different depths of cut while fill areas are drawn in blue. To
change the resolution of the color blocks, run Display->Display
Options and change the Cut/Fill Color Map Subdivisions. This
parameter is the number of rows and columns of color blocks to
create. You can also draw a legend for the Color Map by going to
Draw, Cut/Fill Map Legend. Pick a point on your drawing to locate
the legend and press Enter. To turn off the color map, go to the
Display menu and pick Cut/Fill Color Map to uncheck it.
Step 12 (Calculate Volumes):
To calculate volumes, run the
TakeOff->Calculate Total Volumes command. There is an options
dialog for setting the cut swell factor and fill shrink factor.
These values get multiplied into the cut/fill volumes. Set these
factors as desired and click OK. Then the routine calculates the
volumes and display the report which includes the cut/fill volumes
and areas. The report can be printed or saved to a file. Pick the
Exit button to exit the report viewer.
Step 13 (Material Quantities):
To report the material quantities, run the
TakeOff->Material Quantities->Standard Report routine. The
report includes the count, length, area and volume for each type of
material that was assigned for reporting in the Define Layer
Target/Material/Subgrade command. The Material
Quantities->Custom Report routine can be used to reporting these
values with control of the report format and the option to export
to Excel.
>>>>>>> 1.8